Fig. 5

Illness severity scores, distributions of organ failures and pathogens, and outcomes stratified by transcriptional subtypes. a–c Modified Early Warning Score, Universal Vital Assessment score, modified systemic inflammatory response syndrome [mSIRS], and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure assessment [qSOFA] scores stratified by transcriptional subtype; p-values in 5C represent Chi-squared test with continuity correction (N = 128). d Chord plot indicating proportion of patients with specific organ failures across each transcriptional subtype; a wider chord band indicates a greater proportion of patients with each corresponding organ failure (N = 128, proportions in subtype 2 vs. 1 as follows: shock: 21.4% vs. 11.0%; acute respiratory failure: 35.7% vs. 20.0%; severe anemia: 28.6% vs. 21.0%; encephalopathy: 25.0% vs. 12.0%). e Chord plot indicating proportion of patients with specific infections across each transcriptional subtype; a wider chord band indicates a greater proportion of patients with each corresponding infection (N = 128, proportions in subtype 2 vs. 1 as follows: HIV: 75.0% vs. 48.5%; tuberculosis: 35.7% vs. 10.0%; malaria: 11.5% vs. 24.5%; influenza: 0.0% vs. 2.4%). f Proportions of patients with HIV-infection (N = 127), HIV-associated TB (N = 127), and positive urine TB-LAM results (among those tested, N = 55) across each transcriptional subtype. g In-hospital outcome (N = 128), impaired functional status [Karnofsky Performance Status; KPS] (N = 108) among hospital survivors, and 30-day vital status across each transcriptional subtype (N = 117); p-values in 5F and 5G represent Chi-squared test with continuity correction. h Forest plot indicating univariable (unadjusted) odds ratios for in-hospital outcome and 30-day mortality among patients in transcriptional subtype 2 vs. subtype 1, stratified by key pathogen groups [patients with influenza omitted given small number of events in that pathogen group, odds ratio for in-hospital outcome omitted for patients with no pathogen detected as all events in transcriptional subtype 1; for visualization, upper limit of 95% confidence interval for in-hospital outcome truncated at 15 for patients with HIV-associated TB (upper limit 29.76) and malaria (upper limit 51.46), as well as for 30-day outcome for patients with no pathogen identified (upper limit 38.39) and malaria (upper limit 34.67)