Table 1 Patients characteristics
Characteristic | Low CFH [< 5 mg/dl] (N = 79) | Moderate CFH [5–14 mg/dl] (N = 136) | High CFH [≥ 15 mg/dl] (N = 58) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CFH concentration | 3.00 [2.00, 3.60] | 8.00 [6.00, 10.25] | 23.00 [17.25, 42.25] | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 48.00 [37.50, 64.00] | 53.00 [40.00, 64.00] | 46.00 [28.50, 55.75] | 0.030 |
Male sex, n (%) | 58 (73.4) | 87 (64.0) | 38 (65.5) | 0.351 |
Body mass index (kg/cm) | 24.84 [21.60, 27.78] | 26.12 [22.17, 29.93] | 24.49 [21.57, 30.96] | 0.454 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2.00 [0.50, 5.00] | 3.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 2.00 [0.00, 4.00] | 0.359 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 6 (7.6) | 13 (9.6) | 6 (10.3) | 0.837 |
Immunocompromised, n (%) | 19 (24.1) | 38 (27.9) | 15 (25.9) | 0.819 |
SOFA at ARDS onset | 11.00 [8.00, 14.00] | 12.00 [9.75, 15.00] | 14.50 [11.25, 16.75] | < 0.001 |
SAPS II at ARDS onset | 49.00 [35.50, 63.50] | 58.00 [42.00, 70.25] | 59.50 [47.00, 77.00] | 0.005 |
Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 32 (40.5) | 51 (37.5) | 16 (27.6) | 0.273 |
Pulmonary origin, n (%) | 74 (93.7) | 120 (88.2) | 44 (75.9) | 0.008 |
ARDS severity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Severe | 76 (96.2) | 130 (95.6) | 56 (96.6) | 0.945 |
ARDS etiology, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.387 |
 Pneumonia | 54 (70.1) | 92 (70.2) | 32 (55.2) |  |
 Aspiration pneumonitis | 5 (6.5) | 13 (9.9) | 8 (13.8) |  |
 Trauma and burns | 1 (1.3) | 5 (3.8) | 2 (3.4) |  |
 Other acute respiratory diagnoses | 6 (7.8) | 11 (8.4) | 8 (13.8) |  |
 Nonrespiratory and chronic respiratory diagnoses | 11 (14.3) | 10 (7.6) | 8 (13.8) |  |
ECMO initiation, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.705 |
Mobile ECMO retrieval team | 20 (25.3) | 35 (25.7) | 18 (31.0) | Â |
After admission | 59 (74.7) | 101 (74.3) | 40 (69.0) | Â |
ECMO initiation (ICU day) | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.00 [0.00, 0.00] | 0.564 |
Ventilation parameters at ECMO initiation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mechanical ventilation (days) | 3.00 [1.00, 7.50] | 2.00 [1.00, 5.50] | 1.50 [1.00, 4.00] | 0.312 |
 PaO2:FiO2 (mmHg) | 76.00 [58.66, 89.30] | 68.49 [56.12, 90.00] | 60.90 [50.76, 85.50] | 0.267 |
 PaO2 (mmHg) | 72.50 [56.22, 85.72] | 66.40 [52.10, 86.55] | 57.30 [50.50, 85.50] | 0.440 |
 PaCO2 (mmHg) | 69.00 [56.60, 88.05] | 62.45 [50.35, 78.40] | 71.50 [57.55, 82.40] | 0.153 |
 pH | 7.25 [7.18, 7.35] | 7.25 [7.17, 7.36] | 7.20 [7.11, 7.27] | 0.095 |
 PIP (cmH2O) | 36.20 [31.63, 40.25] | 36.86 [32.67, 42.00] | 40.50 [36.00, 47.00] | 0.001 |
 Pplateau (cmH2O) | 33.19 [29.00, 36.02] | 33.44 [30.00, 38.00] | 38.00 [31.00, 41.00] | 0.011 |
 PEEP (cm H2O) | 18.20 [15.30, 20.00] | 18.20 [16.00, 20.40] | 20.40 [17.00, 22.00] | 0.013 |
 Driving pressure (cmH2O) | 15.60 [11.00, 17.07] | 14.00 [11.00, 19.40] | 17.00 [12.85, 20.60] | 0.179 |
 Tidal volume (ml/kg PBW) | 5.32 [3.55, 7.80] | 5.44 [3.88, 7.41] | 5.27 [3.86, 6.96] | 0.836 |
 Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 25.00 [20.00, 34.34] | 24.25 [20.00, 30.05] | 25.00 [19.74, 31.79] | 0.742 |
 Compliance (ml/cm H2O) | 24.61 [15.25, 32.00] | 23.80 [13.06, 33.78] | 17.09 [9.73, 22.74] | < 0.001 |
Further rescue therapy, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Inhaled nitric oxide | 54 (68.4) | 95 (69.9) | 41 (70.7) | 0.954 |
 Prone positioning | 60 (75.9) | 100 (73.5) | 44 (75.9) | 0.902 |
Organ failure at ECMO initiation, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Coagulation | 13 (16.5) | 47 (34.6) | 31 (53.4) | < 0.001 |
 Liver | 7 (8.9) | 18 (13.2) | 12 (20.7) | 0.134 |
 Cardiovascular | 76 (100.0) | 123 (100.0) | 55 (100.0) | NA |
 CNS | 42 (53.2) | 71 (52.2) | 27 (46.6) | 0.712 |
 Renal (KDIGO 3) | 29 (36.7) | 81 (59.6) | 44 (75.9) | < 0.001 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 34 (43.0) | 79 (58.1) | 39 (67.2) | 0.014 |
RRT, n (%) | 28 (35.4) | 77 (56.6) | 44 (75.9) | < 0.001 |
28-day mortality, n (%) | 18 (22.8) | 53 (39.0) | 32 (55.2) | 0.001 |