Table 3 Study outcomes

Clinical outcomes

In-hospital mortality (n, %)

0 (0%)

1 (5.0%)

1 (2.5%)

> 0.99^a

Intensive care unit (ICU) admission (n, %)

3 (15%)

5 (25%)

8 (20%)

0.59^a

Initiation of high-flow nasal cannula (n, %)

3 (15%)

3 (15%)

6 (15%)

0.95^a

Initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (n, %)

0 (0%)

4 (20%)

4 (10%)

0.04^a

Median duration of mechanical ventilation (days) (IQR)

–

21 (8.5–36.5)

–

–

Median ICU stay (days) (IQR)

7 (7–8)

15 (7–42)

7.5 (7–28.5)

0.46^b

Median hospital stay (days) (IQR)

9 (7–12)

12 (9–21)

11 (8–14)

0.04^c

Laboratory outcomes

Mean PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio one hour after treatment administration (SD)

274 (230–338)

267 (216–310)

275 (230–314)

0.56^c

Mean A-a gradient 1 h after treatment administration (SD)

81.6 (44–124)

104 (44–149)

91.5 (32.7–175)

0.56^c

Adverse events

Headache (n, %)

2 (10%)

5 (25%)

7 (17.5%)

0.41^d

Dizziness (n, %)

4 (20%)

2 (10%)

6 (15%)

0.66^d

Blurred vision (n, %)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

Flushing (n, %)

2 (10%)

0 (0%)

2 (5%)

0.49^d

Nausea (n, %)

0 (0%)

4 (20%)

4 (10%)

0.11^d

Nasal congestion (n, %)

3 (15%)

2 (10%)

5 (12.5%)

> 0.99^d

Other (n, %)

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.5%)

> 0.99^d