Variables | Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics in 1Â h | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
No (n = 2523) | Yes (n = 512) | ||
Age, years | 74 (63–81) | 75 (65–81) | 0.12 |
Sex, male | 1448 (57.4) | 298 (58.2) | 0.74 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.8 (4.2) | 22.0 (4.1) | 0.41 |
Comorbidity | |||
  Diabetes mellitus | 966 (38.2) | 200 (39.0) | 0.75 |
  History of myocardial infarction | 259 (10.3) | 51 (9.9) | 0.83 |
  Congestive heart failure | 190 (7.5) | 30 (5.9) | 0.18 |
  Chronic neurological disease | 495 (19.6) | 88 (17.2) | 0.20 |
  Chronic liver disease | 280 (11.1) | 51 (9.9) | 0.68 |
  Chronic kidney disease | 419 (16.6) | 73 (14.2) | 0.19 |
  Connective tissue disease | 63 (2.5) | 13 (2.5) | 0.96 |
  Solid malignant tumors | 474 (18.8) | 99 (19.3) | 0.78 |
Charlson comorbidity index score | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.14 |
  ≥ 9 | 336 (13.2) | 70 (13.7) | 0.83 |
History of antibiotic prescription within the past 90 days |  |  |  < 0.01 |
  No | 2070 (82.1) | 390 (76.2) |  |
  Yes | 364 (14.4) | 103 (20.1) |  |
  Unknown | 89 (3.5) | 19 (3.7) |  |
Hospitalization for two or more days within the past 90Â days | 1043 (41.3) | 208 (40.6) | 0.77 |
Clinical Frailty Scale | Â | Â | 0.11 |
  Very fit | 99 (3.9) | 27 (5.3) |  |
  Well | 186 (7.4) | 36 (7) |  |
  Managing well | 379 (15) | 54 (10.5) |  |
  Vulnerable | 393 (15.6) | 79 (15.4) |  |
  Mildly frail | 264 (10.5) | 50 (9.8) |  |
  Moderately frail | 328 (13) | 60 (11.7) |  |
  Severely frail | 479 (19) | 115 (22.5) |  |
  Very severely frail | 380 (15.1) | 86 (16.8) |  |
  Terminally ill | 15 (0.6) | 5 (1) |  |
Initial SOFA score | 5 (4–8) | 6 (4–9) |  < 0.01 |
Septic shock | 437 (17.3) | 164 (32.0) |  < 0.01 |
Recognition of sepsis by physicians in the emergency department | 943 (37.4) | 234 (45.7) |  < 0.01 |
Site of infection* | |||
  Respiratory | 1199 (47.5) | 259 (50.6) | 0.21 |
  Abdominal | 660 (26.2) | 143 (27.9) | 0.41 |
  Urinary | 131 (5.2) | 31 (6.1) | 0.43 |
  Skin/soft tissue | 90 (3.6) | 13 (2.5) | 0.24 |
Type of infection | Â | Â | 0.16 |
  Community | 1673 (66.3) | 324 (63.3) |  |
  Nursing home-acquired | 179 (7.1) | 29 (5.7) |  |
  Nursing hospital-acquired | 331 (13.1) | 75 (14.6) |  |
  Hospital-acquired | 340 (13.5) | 84 (16.4) |  |
Identification of pathogen | 1380 (54.7) | 308 (60.2) | 0.02 |
ICU admission/transfer | 1205 (47.8) | 288 (56.3) |  < 0.01 |
Length of hospital stay, days | 12 (6–20) | 11 (6–19.5) | 0.35 |