Table 1 Comparisons of clinical characteristics and outcomes among all SCAP patients
Variables | Overall (n = 3786) | SCAP patients without T2DM (n = 2524) | SCAP patients with T2DM (n = 1262) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
 Age (years old) | 66.00 (53.00, 76.00) | 66.00 (53.00, 76.00) | 66.00 (53.00, 76.00) | 0.934 |
 Sex: male (%) | 2438 (64.4) | 1636 (64.8) | 802 (63.5) | 0.464 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Cancer (%) | 679 (17.9) | 449 (17.8) | 230 (18.2) | 0.776 |
 Chronic hematological diseases (%) | 71 (1.9) | 45 (1.8) | 26 (2.1) | 0.641 |
 Chronic hepatic diseases (%) | 99 (2.6) | 62 (2.5) | 37 (2.9) | 0.45 |
 Chronic renal diseases (%) | 251 (6.6) | 161 (6.4) | 90 (7.1) | 0.42 |
 Chronic cardiovascular diseases (%) | 606 (16) | 394 (15.6) | 212 (16.8) | 0.37 |
 Hypertension (%) | 1050 (27.7) | 704 (27.9) | 346 (27.4) | 0.788 |
 Chronic pulmonary diseases (%) | 919 (24.3) | 597 (23.7) | 322 (25.5) | 0.223 |
 Chronic cerebrovascular diseases (%) | 100 (2.6) | 64 (2.5) | 36 (2.9) | 0.641 |
Primary symptoms | ||||
 Fever (%) | 856 (22.6) | 580 (23.0) | 276 (21.9) | 0.467 |
 Cough (%) | 1233 (32.6) | 847 (33.6) | 386 (30.6) | 0.071 |
 Expectoration (%) | 427 (11.3) | 300 (11.9) | 127 (10.1) | 0.106 |
 Dyspnea (%) | 731 (19.3) | 510 (20.2) | 221 (17.5) | 0.053 |
 Coma (%) | 751 (19.8) | 528 (20.9) | 223 (17.7) | 0.02 |
 Insanity (%) | 73 (1.9) | 54 (2.1) | 19 (1.5) | 0.226 |
 Chest pain (%) | 94 (2.5) | 65 (2.6) | 29 (2.3) | 0.685 |
Vital signs on admission | ||||
 Respiratory rate (breath/min) | 18.00 (15.00, 23.00) | 18.00 (14.00, 22.00) | 19.00 (16.00, 23.00) | < 0.001 |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.00 (111, 148) | 128.00 (113.25, 146) | 130.00 (110, 148) | 0.238 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.00 (61.00, 85.00) | 72.00 (61.00, 85.00) | 73.00 (62.25, 83.00) | 0.843 |
 Temperature (°C) | 36.60 (36.30, 37.20) | 36.60 (36.30, 37.10) | 36.80 (36.30, 37.40) | < 0.001 |
 Heart rate (beat/min) | 96.00 (81.00, 110) | 96.00 (80.00, 108.00) | 98.00 (87.00, 115.00) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory examinations | ||||
 Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.36 (5.95, 10.86) | 6.84 (5.50, 7.93) | 12.61 (10.29, 15.30) | < 0.001 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.99 (4.76, 8.69) | 5.40 (4.40, 6.34) | 10.08 (8.23, 12.24) | < 0.001 |
 CRP (mg/L) | 64.80 (18.5, 122.00) | 61.5 (17.40, 118) | 70.2 (21.9, 127) | 0.002 |
 Procalcitonin (µg/L) | 0.33 (0.14, 1.08) | 0.33 (0.13, 0.89) | 0.35 (0.16, 1.60) | < 0.001 |
 D-dimer (mg/L) | 4.12 (2.17, 8.79) | 4.12 (2.15, 8.33) | 4.25 (2.20, 9.63) | 0.012 |
 Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.40 (1.10, 2.20) | 1.40 (1, 2.1) | 1.60 (1.10, 2.40) | < 0.001 |
 BNP (pg/mL) | 1099 (329,3902) | 978 (290, 3570) | 1339 (397, 5067) | < 0.001 |
 APTT (s) | 31.80 (27.60, 38.40) | 31.60 (27.40, 37.80) | 32.40 (28.02, 39.48) | 0.004 |
 PT (s) | 12.90 (11.90, 14.50) | 12.80 (11.80, 14.30) | 13.20 (12.10, 14.90) | < 0.001 |
 Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.57 (2.64, 4.77) | 3.52 (2.60, 4.64) | 3.82 (2.77, 4.96) | < 0.001 |
 INR | 1.12 (1.03, 1.27) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.25) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.29) | < 0.001 |
 White blood cell (×109/L) | 9.77 (6.72, 13.81) | 9.30 (6.55, 13.31) | 10.77 (7.14, 14.69) | < 0.001 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 109.00 (89.00, 129) | 111.00 (90.00, 131) | 106.00 (86.00, 125) | < 0.001 |
 Neutrophil (×109/L) | 7.81 (5.01, 11.54) | 7.70 (5.01, 11.31) | 8.06 (5.03, 12.18) | 0.009 |
 Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 0.90 (0.56, 1.35) | 0.90 (0.57, 1.34) | 0.90 (0.55, 1.35) | 0.995 |
 Platelet (×109/L) | 175.00 (111, 254) | 178 (114, 256) | 165 (103, 252) | 0.021 |
 Monocyte (×109/L) | 0.42 (0.27, 0.63) | 0.43 (0.28, 0.63) | 0.40 (0.23, 0.62) | 0.001 |
 ALT (IU/L) | 22.00 (14.00, 43.00) | 21.50 (13.00, 41.00) | 23.00 (14.00, 45.00) | 0.012 |
 AST (IU/L) | 29.00 (20.00, 51.00) | 28.00 (20.00, 49.00) | 30.00 (20.00, 55.00) | 0.045 |
 Creatinine (µmol/L) | 73.00 (55, 107.25) | 71.00 (54.00, 98.00) | 79.00 (58.00, 133.75) | < 0.001 |
 Uric acid (µmol/L) | 236.00 (148, 343) | 232.80 (144, 336) | 241.00 (156, 364) | 0.002 |
 Albumin (g/L) | 32.10 (28.00, 37.58) | 32.7 (28.40, 38.50) | 30.8 (27.30, 35.77) | < 0.001 |
 Globulin (g/L) | 25.20 (21.60, 29.00) | 25.30 (21.70, 29.02) | 25.00 (21.50, 28.90) | 0.255 |
 BUN (mmol/L) | 7.10 (5.00, 11.40) | 6.68 (4.71, 10.17) | 8.55 (5.56, 14.65) | < 0.001 |
 Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 11.80 (7.90, 17.80) | 12.2 (8.2, 18.2) | 10.8 (7.12, 16.7) | < 0.001 |
 Direct bilirubin (µmol/L) | 5.50 (3.50, 9.00) | 5.40 (3.50, 9.00) | 5.60 (3.50, 8.90) | 0.647 |
Clinical outcomes | ||||
 ICU LOS (days) | 12.00 (6.00, 23.00) | 12.00 (5.00, 22.00) | 13.00 (6.00, 24.00) | 0.016 |
 Hospital LOS (days) | 21.00 (12.00, 33.00) | 21.00 (13.00, 32.00) | 20.50 (11.00, 34.00) | 0.168 |
 Need for CPR during hospitalization (%) | 120 (3.2) | 72 (2.9) | 48 (3.8) | 0.115 |
 Death within 14 days (%) | 461 (12.2) | 272 (10.8) | 189 (15) | < 0.001 |
 Death within 30 days (%) | 898 (23.7) | 574 (22.7) | 324 (25.7) | 0.046 |
 ICU mortality (%) | 1058 (27.9) | 669 (26.5) | 389 (30.8) | 0.005 |
 Hospital mortality (%) | 1226 (32.4) | 782 (31.0) | 444 (35.2) | 0.009 |