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Fig. 3 | Critical Care

Fig. 3

From: Efficacy of non-invasive and invasive respiratory management strategies in adult patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Fig. 3

Forest plots for association of non-invasive respiratory management strategies with study outcomes. a For the primary outcome, short-term mortality, the longest follow-up was up to 100 days. b Secondary outcome, endotracheal intubation. All outcomes are reported as network risk ratios and absolute risk differences with 95% CIs. For estimating risk ratios for the comparison of HFNO vs IMV, CPAP vs IMV, CPAP vs HFNO, and CPAP vs PSV, only indirect evidence was used, because no direct pair-wise comparisons were available. The estimated absolute risks of mortality and endotracheal intubation were 30% and 40%, respectively, in the control group. CI, confidence interval; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; HFNO, high-flow nasal oxygen; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; PSV, pressure support ventilation; RR, risk ratio; SOT, standard oxygen therapy

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