Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis

Age, y

73

(51.8–81.0)

65.5

(46.0–78.5)

81

(72.8–84.0)

0.023

Male sex

24

(70.6)

19

(73.1)

5

(62.5)

0.666

BMI, kg/m²

20.9

(17.1–25.2)

21.5

(17.1–25.8)

19.7

(15.7–23.7)

0.372

Clinical severity

APACHE II score

17

(12.0–22.0)

15

(11.0–21.0)

21.5

(17.0–24.5)

0.046

SOFA score

9

(5.8–12.0)

7.5

(5.0–11.3)

11

(8.3–13.0)

0.154

Catecholamine use

Noradrenalin

23

(67.6)

17

(65.4)

6

(75)

1

Dopamine

1

(2.9)

1

(3.8)

0

(0)

1

Dobutamine

3

(8.8)

3

(11.5)

0

(0)

1

Vasopressin

9

(26.5)

6

(23.1)

3

(37.5)

0.649

Catecholamine index

19

(0.0–30.0)

15

(0.0–40.0)

27.5

(5.0–30.0)

0.605

Induction medication

Fentanyl

33

(97.1)

26

(100)

7

(87.5)

0.235

Propofol

22

(64.7)

19

(73.1)

3

(37.5)

0.098

Midazolam

12

(35.3)

8

(30.8)

4

(50)

0.41

Sedation

Fentanyl

32

(94.1)

26

(100)

6

(75)

0.05

Propofol

26

(76.5)

20

(76.9)

6

(75)

1

Midazolam

1

(2.9)

1

(3.8)

0

(0)

1

Dexmedetomidine

9

(26.5)

8

(30.8)

1

(12.5)

0.403

RASS (during IC measurement)

− 4

(− 4 to − 3)

− 4

(− 4 to − 3)

− 4

(− 4 to − 3)

0.946

CRRT

2

(5.8)

1

(3.8)

1

(12.5)

0.421

Past history

Hypertension

14

(41.2)

11

(42.3)

3

(37.5)

1

Diabetes mellitus

13

(38.2)

11

(42.3)

2

(25)

0.444

Ischemic heart disease

3

(8.8)

2

(7.7)

1

(12.5)

1

Stroke

4

(11.8)

4

(15.4)

0

(0)

0.552

COPD

6

(17.6)

4

(15.4)

2

(25)

0.609

Chronic liver disease

4

(11.8)

4

(15.4)

0

(0)

0.552

CKD

5

(14.7)

3

(11.5)

2

(25)

0.57

Cancer

10

(29.4)

8

(30.8)

2

(25)

1

Source of infection

Respiratory

22

(64.7)

16

(61.5)

6

(75)

0.681

Urinary

3

(8.8)

2

(7.7)

1

(12.5)

1

Biliary

4

(11.8)

3

(11.5)

1

(12.5)

1

Other

5

(14.7)

5

(19.2)

0

(0)

0.309

Positive culture

10

(29.4)

8

(30.8)

2

(25)

1

Ventilator

Assist/control mode

21

(61.8)

17

(65.4)

4

(50)

0.68

F_IO₂, %

40

(35.0–60.0)

40

(35.0–52.5)

40

(30.0–67.5)

0.95

PEEP, cmH₂O

8

(5.0–8.0)

8

(5.0–8.0)

6.5

(5.0–9.5)

0.641

Driving pressure, cmH₂O

14

(11.5–15.3)

14

(10.0–15.3)

13.5

(12.0–17.3)

0.486

Thiamine administration

26

(76.5)

20

(76.9)

6

(75)

1

Blood gas analysis (at the time of intubation)

pH

7.35

(7.275–7.424)

7.348

(7.244–7.401)

7.359

(7.299–7.440)

0.73

PaO₂, mmHg

91.2

(75.3–151.0)

91.2

(78.7–159.3)

96.3

(56.9–107.5)

0.598

PaCO₂, mmHg

43.5

(33.8–57.7)

42.7

(33.8–57.7)

49.8

(29.8–66.3)

0.612

HCO₃⁻, mmol/L

22.4

(19.2–25.6)

22.2

(19.5–25.1)

27.2

(19.0–34.2)

0.31

Lactate, mmol/L

1.8

(1.0–4.0)

2.3

(1.2–4.0)

1.5

(1.0–9.4)

0.871

Hemoglobin, g/dL

10.9

(9.0–12.5)

11.1

(10.0–12.7)

8.9

(8.5–11.8)

0.167

Blood gas analysis (after IC measurement)

pH

7.372

(7.312–7.402)

7.375

(7.306–7.404)

7.356

(7.335–7.397)

0.67

PaO₂, mmHg

94.3

(74.0–116.3)

104

(78.3–120.3

73.5

(67.4–89.9)

0.009

PaCO₂, mmHg

40.1

(34.5–47.0)

39.5

(34.5–43.3)

47.2

(30.6–52.4)

0.383

HCO₃⁻, mmol/L

23.4

(20.5–24.8)

23.4

(20.5–24.3)

25

(16.0–31.2)

0.626

Lactate, mmol/L

1.7

(1.1–2.6)

1.5

(1.1–2.5)

2

(1.3–2.6)

0.29

Hemoglobin, g/dL

9.7

(8.8–11.2)

10.4

(9.1–11.3)

9.1

(8.3–10.3)

0.161

Lactate %change, %/h

− 0.98

(− 2.61 to 2.29)

− 1.6

(− 2.82 to 1.74)

2.64

(− 0.94 to 9.40)

0.04

Vital sign (initial during IC measurement)

Heart rate, beat/minute

90.1

(71.2–103.1)

91.3

(69.6–103.4)

89.7

(73.5–95.7)

0.839

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

76.7

(64.9–88.9)

75.7

(60.5–88.9)

83.6

(66.6–91.5)

0.361

Body temperature, °C

37.2

(36.8–38.0)

37.6

(36.7–38.2)

37.2

(36.8–37.2)

0.3

Vital sign (last during IC measurement)

Heart rate, beat/minute

91.7

(73.6–101.8)

87.4

(67.0–102.7)

91.8

(75.3–96.7)

0.935

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

80.7

(68.7–91.7)

80.7

(69.2–94.3)

80.7

(62.4–89.2)

0.503

Body temperature, °C

37.3

(36.6–37.7)

37.5

(36.7–38.0)

36.8

(36.3–37.3)

0.074