Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with cardiogenic shock stratified by different time periods
From: Cardiogenic shock in Taiwan from 2003 to 2017 (CSiT-15 study)
Overall | 2003–2005 | 2006–2008 | 2009–2011 | 2012–2014 | 2015–2017 | Trend p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 64 049 | N = 9657 | N = 11 677 | N = 13 686 | N = 14 342 | N = 14 687 | ||
Demographics | |||||||
Age (years) | 70.6 ± 14.8 | 70.3 ± 14.0 | 70.5 ± 14.5 | 70.9 ± 14.7 | 70.9 ± 15.2 | 70.3 ± 15.2 | < 0.0001 |
Male sex (%) | 39 706 (62%) | 5887 (61%) | 7141 (61.2%) | 8448 (61.7%) | 8969 (62.5%) | 9261 (63.1%) | < 0.0001 |
History, n (%) | |||||||
Congestive heart failure | 26 310 (41.1%) | 3588 (37.2%) | 4553 (39%) | 5747 (42%) | 6138 (42.8%) | 6284 (42.8%) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 30 941 (48.3%) | 4025 (41.7%) | 5318 (45.5%) | 6760 (49.4%) | 7349 (51.2%) | 7489 (51%) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 22 503 (35.1%) | 3153 (32.6%) | 4089 (35%) | 5005 (36.6%) | 5133 (35.8%) | 5123 (34.9%) | 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 780 (1.2%) | 69 (0.7%) | 112 (1%) | 143 (1%) | 202 (1.4%) | 254 (1.7%) | < 0.0001 |
Dyslipidemia | 9604 (15%) | 942 (9.8%) | 1476 (12.6%) | 1918 (14%) | 2389 (16.7%) | 2897 (19.6%) | < 0.0001 |
Coronary artery disease | 29 960 (46.8%) | 4229 (43.8%) | 5208 (44.6%) | 6272 (45.8%) | 6973 (48.6%) | 7278 (49.6%) | < 0.0001 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 28 885 (45.1%) | 4117 (43.3%) | 5049 (43.2%) | 6233 (45.5%) | 6551 (45.7%) | 6875 (46.8%) | < 0.0001 |
Renal failure | 5561 (8.7%) | 550 (5.7%) | 858 (7.3%) | 1170 (8.5%) | 1431 (10%) | 1552 (10.6%) | < 0.0001 |
Stroke | 11 091 (17.3%) | 1749 (18.1%) | 2217 (19%) | 2439 (17.8%) | 2485 (17.3%) | 2201 (15%) | < 0.0001 |
Malignancy | 6214 (9.7%) | 850 (8.8%) | 1099 (9.4%) | 1336 (9.8%) | 1479 (10.3%) | 1450 (9.9%) | 0.0004 |
Atrial fibrillation | 9490 (14.8%) | 1279 (13.2%) | 1747 (15%) | 2024 (14.8%) | 2183 (15.2%) | 2257 (15.4%) | < 0.0001 |
Hospital level, n (%) | |||||||
Medical center | 22 499 (35.1%) | 3359 (34.8%) | 4022 (34.4%) | 4960 (36.2%) | 5019 (35%) | 5139 (35%) | 0.3001 |
Regional hospital | 32 052 (50%) | 4420 (45.8%) | 5702 (48.8%) | 6790 (49.6%) | 7420 (51.7%) | 7720 (52.6%) | < 0.0001 |
District hospital | 9498 (14.8%) | 1878 (19.4%) | 1953 (16.7%) | 1936 (14.1%) | 1903 (13.3%) | 1828 (12.4%) | < 0.0001 |
CS conditions, n (%) | |||||||
Cardiac arrest | 21 095 (32.9%) | 3525 (36.5%) | 4222 (36.2%) | 4597 (33.6%) | 4479 (31.2%) | 4272 (29.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Acute myocardial infarction | 25 906 (40.4%) | 3757 (38.9%) | 4524 (38.7%) | 5580 (40.8%) | 5805 (40.5%) | 6240 (42.5%) | < 0.0001 |
STEMI | 9522 (14.9%) | 1808 (18.7%) | 1726 (14.8%) | 1964 (14.4%) | 1906 (13.3%) | 2118 (14.4%) | < 0.0001 |
NSTEMI | 16 384 (25.6%) | 1949 (20.2%) | 2798 (24%) | 3616 (26.4%) | 3899 (27.2%) | 4122 (28.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Cardiac procedure, n (%) | |||||||
PCI | 15 465 (24.1%) | 1447 (15%) | 2205 (18.9%) | 3248 (23.7%) | 3878 (27%) | 4687 (31.9%) | < 0.0001 |
CABG | 3653 (5.7%) | 828 (8.6%) | 782 (6.7%) | 745 (5.4%) | 707 (4.9%) | 591 (4%) | < 0.0001 |
Heart transplantation | 183 (0.3%) | 20 (0.2%) | 29 (0.2%) | 47 (0.3%) | 44 (0.3%) | 43 (0.3%) | 0.0921 |
Vasoactive agents, n (%) | |||||||
Dopamine | 48 155 (75.2%) | 7668 (79.4%) | 9289 (79.5%) | 10,751 (78.6%) | 10,563 (73.7%) | 9884 (67.3%) | < 0.0001 |
Norepinephrine | 24 817 (38.7%) | 2563 (26.5%) | 3929 (33.6%) | 5096 (37.2%) | 6220 (43.4%) | 7009 (47.7%) | < 0.0001 |
Dobutamine | 12 123 (18.9%) | 2720 (28.2%) | 2665 (22.8%) | 2592 (18.9%) | 2230 (15.5%) | 1916 (13%) | < 0.0001 |
Epinephrine | 34 806 (54.3%) | 5815 (60.2%) | 6703 (57.4%) | 7724 (56.4%) | 7500 (52.3%) | 7064 (48.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Mechanical support, n (%) | |||||||
IABP | 13 782 (21.5%) | 1835 (19%) | 2413 (20.7%) | 3172 (23.2%) | 3003 (20.9%) | 3359 (22.9%) | < 0.0001 |
ECMO | 5915 (9.2%) | 993 (10.3%) | 1202 (10.3%) | 1103 (8.1%) | 1247 (8.7%) | 1370 (9.3%) | < 0.0001 |
VAD | 140 (0.2%) | 0 | 0 | 15 (0.1%) | 58 (0.4%) | 67 (0.5%) | < 0.0001 |