Effects of high flow nasal cannula on the coordination between swallowing and breathing in postextubation patients, a randomized crossover study

Table 3 Secondary outcomes; a comparison of characteristics between the low and high E-swallow groups, as defined by a median split on the percentage of E-swallowing during high flow oxygen therapy (HFNO), low flow oxygen therapy (LFNO), and both treatments

Variables	Total (n = 22)		p value	HFNO (n = 22)		p value	LFNO (n = 22)		p value
Variables	E ≤ 68% (n = 11)	E > 68% (n = 11)	p value	E ≤ 68% (n = 9)	E > 68% (n = 13)	p value	E ≤ 68% (n = 11)	E > 68% (n = 11)	p value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	50 ± 11	62 ± 11	0.020*	50 ± 12	60 ± 11	0.054	55 ± 13	56 ± 12	0.647
Male, n (%)	8 (72.7%)	7 (63.6%)	0.647	6 (66.7%)	9 (69.2%)	0.899	8 (72.7%)	7 (63.6%)	0.647
Female, n (%)	3 (27.3%)	4 (36.4%)		3 (33.3%)	4 (30.8%)		3 (27.3%)	4 (36.4%)
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	20.4 ± 2.4	24.2 ± 5.2	0.045*	20.0 ± 2.7	23.9 ± 4.7	0.039*	21.6 ± 4.1	23.0 ± 4.8	0.476
Comorbidities, n (%)
HT	3 (27.3%)	8 (72.7%)	0.033*	3 (33.3%)	8 (61.5%)	0.193	5 (45.5%)	6 (54.5%)	0.670
DM	3 (27.3%)	6 (54.5%)	0.193	3 (33.3%)	6 (46.2%)	0.548	4 (36.4%)	5 (45.5%)	0.665
DLP	3 (27.3%)	4 (36.4%)	0.647	3 (33.3%)	4 (30.8%)	0.899	3 (27.3%)	4 (36.4%)	0.647
CKD	3 (27.3%)	3 (27.3%)	1.000	3 (33.3%)	3 (23.1%)	0.595	4 (36.4%)	2 (18.2%)	0.338
IHD	0 (0%)	1 (9.1%)	0.306	0 (0%)	1 (7.7%)	0.394	0 (0%)	1 (9.1%)	0.306
APACHE II, mean ± SD	5.6 ± 2.7	6.6 ± 3.8	0.440	5.9 ± 2.7	6.2 ± 3.7	0.813	6.6 ± 3.4	5.6 ± 3.1	0.521
ETT duration (days),median	3 [2, 4]	2 2, 6]	0.972	4 [2, 6]	2 [2, 5]	0.268	3 [2, 4]	2 [2, 6]	0.972
Sedation, n (%)
Fentanyl	6 (54.5%)	5 (45.5%)	0.670	6 (66.7%)	5 (38.5%)	0.193	6 (54.5%)	5 (45.5%)	0.670
Midazolam	3 (27.3%)	1 (9.1%)	0.269	3 (33.3%)	1 (7.7%)	0.125	2 (18.2%)	2 (18.2%)	1.000
Propofol	1 (9.1%)	0 (0%)	0.306	1 (11.1%)	0 (0%)	0.219	0 (0%)	1 (9.1%)	0.306

*p < 0.05; yr, year; BMI, body mass index; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; DLP, dyslipidemia; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; APACHE II, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II; ETT, endotracheal tube

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