No | All patients | Standard oxygen | HFNC | NIV | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1491) | (n = 766) | (n = 567) | (n = 158) | |||
Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 1491 | 678 (45) | 359 (47) | 242 (43) | 77 (49) | 0.217 |
Time between ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation, days | 635 | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.012 |
ICU mortality without being intubated, n (%) | 1491 | 61 (4) | 13 (2) | 30 (5) | 18 (11) | < 0.001 |
Oxygenation failure rate, n (%) | 1491 | 739 (50) | 372 (49) | 272 (48) | 95 (60) | < 0.001 |
ICU mortality, n (%) | 1487 | 269 (18) | 108 (14) | 109 (19) | 52 (33) | < 0.001 |
ICU length of stay, days | 1477 | 8 (3–18) | 7 (3–16) | 9 (5–18) | 9 (4–20) | < 0.001 |
Hospital mortality, n (%) | 1439 | 307 (21) | 127 (17) | 118 (22) | 62 (40) | < 0.001 |
Hospital length of stay, days | 1400 | 17 (11–28) | 16 (10–27) | 18 (12–29) | 16 (11–27) | 0.0039 |
Day 28 mortality, n (%) | 1491 | 276 (19) | 115 (15) | 106 (19) | 55 (35) | < 0.001 |
Day 60 mortality, n (%) | 1491 | 308 (21) | 130 (17) | 117 (21) | 61 (39) | < 0.001 |
Day 90 mortality, n (%) | 1491 | 311 (21) | 130 (17) | 118 (21) | 63 (40) | < 0.001 |