Table 3 Themes and subthemes on perspectives on restricted visitation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic from patients, family members, and healthcare professionals
From: Restricted visitation policies in acute care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Perspectivesa | Patients | Family members | Healthcare professionals |
|---|---|---|---|
N = 26 | N = 13 | N = 139 | |
Overwhelming grief | 8 (30.8%) | 5 (38.5%) | 62 (44.6%) |
Absent | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (20.0%) | 7 (11.3%) |
Anticipatory | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.8%) |
Common | 1 (12.5%) | 1 (20.0%) | 5 (8.1%) |
Complicated | 3 (37.5%) | 3 (60.0%)b | 34 (54.8%)b |
Delayed | 3 (37.5%) | 1 (20.0%) | 5 (8.1%) |
Disenfranchised | 4 (50.0%)b | 3 (60.0%)b | 16 (25.8%) |
Exaggerated | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (12.9%) |
Inhibited | 2 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (9.7%) |
Process of grieving | 4 (50.0%)b | 1 (20.0%) | 12 (19.4%) |
State of well-being | 13 (50.0%) | 5 (38.5%) | 83 (59.7%) |
Anxiety | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (10.8%) |
Burden | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (20.0%) | 19 (22.9%) |
Burnout | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (7.2%) |
Depression | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (20.0%) | 6 (7.2%) |
Distress | 6 (46.2%)b | 5 (100.0%)b | 23 (27.7%)b |
Emotional well-being | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (20.0%) | 15 (18.1%) |
Mental health disorders | 2 (15.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (20.5%) |
Posttraumatic stress disorder | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.6%) |
Professional support | 4 (30.8%) | 2 (40.0%)b | 23 (27.7%)b |
Psychosocial isolation | 1 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (10.8%) |
Stress | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | 5 (6.0%) |
Trauma | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (6.0%) |
Touch and physical presence | 7 (26.9%) | 5 (38.5%) | 29 (20.9%) |
Eye contact | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (13.8%) |
Humanization | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (40.0%) | 10 (34.5%) |
Personal protective equipment | 3 (42.9%) | 3 (60.0%) | 19 (65.5%)b |
Physical presence | 4 (57.1%)b | 5 (100%)b | 15 (51.7%) |
Physical touch | 2 (28.6%) | 1 (20.0%) | 8 (27.6%) |
Coping and accessing support | 12 (46.2%) | 7 (53.9%) | 88 (63.3%) |
Abandonment and inattention | 4 (33.3%) | 3 (42.9%) | 12 (13.6%) |
Availability for support | 5 (41.7%)b | 2 (28.6%) | 32 (36.3%) |
Education and training | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (9.1%) |
Emotion-focused | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (14.3%) | 10 (11.4%) |
Problem-focused | 3 (25.0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 17 (19.3%) |
Process of coping | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (28.6%) | 38 (43.2%)b |
Connection and communication | 13 (50.0%) | 8 (61.5%) | 86 (61.9%) |
Access and limitations | 1 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 36 (41.9%)b |
Compassion delivery | 3 (23.1%) | 1 (12.5%) | 28 (32.6%) |
Consistency and clarity | 6 (46.2%)b | 6 (75.0%)b | 33 (38.4%) |
e-Health/telehealth | 6 (46.2%)b | 6 (75.0%)b | 36 (41.9%)b |
Education and training | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (12.5%) | 15 (17.4%) |
Non-verbal cues | 1 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (4.7%) |