A hypolipoprotein sepsis phenotype indicates reduced lipoprotein antioxidant capacity, increased endothelial dysfunction and organ failure, and worse clinical outcomes

Table 1 Demographics, comorbidities, disease severity for the derivation cohort

Variable	All patients (N = 172)		CCI (N = 41)	Early death (N = 17)	p Value⁺
Demographics
Age, in years*	61 (51, 70)	60 (49, 69)	64 (56, 73)	63 (57, 74)	0.129^a
Gender, male	99 (58)	63 (55)	25 (61)	11 (65)	0.671^b
Race, White	123 (72)	78 (68)	33 (80)	12 (71)	0.364^c
Black	47 (27)	35 (31)	7 (17)	5 (29)
Other	2 (1)	1 (1)	1 (2)	0 (0)
Charlson comorbidity index
Charlson score*	3 (2, 5)	3 (1, 5)	4 (2, 6)	4 (3, 6)	0.019^a
Medications
Statin use	62 (36)	41 (37)	13 (32)	8 (47)	0.542^b
Initial biomarkers and organ failure
1st serum lactate (mmol/dL)*	2.1 (1.5, 3.2)	2 (1.5, 3)	1.70 (1.1, 2.9)	3.8 (2.8, 5)	< 0.001^a
2nd serum lactate (mmol/dL)*	1.7 (1.1, 2.8)	1.5 (1.1, 2.4)	1.5 (1.1, 2.5)	4.1 (3.1, 8.0)	< 0.001^a
Procalcitonin**	8.06 (2.3, 34.1)	13.3 (1.5, 27.1)	4.1 (1.8, 51.6)	7.6 (3.2, 100)	0.750^a
Enrollment SOFA score*	5 (3, 8)	4 (2, 6)	7 (5, 10)	10 (9, 13)	< 0.001^a
Apache II score*	15 (10, 20)	12 (8, 17)	19 (15, 25)	21 (18, 27)	< 0.001^a

Bold values are significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons
Data is count (percentage), unless otherwise specified by *median (1st quartile, 3rd quartile); **n = 63; ^aWilcoxon rank-sum test; ^bPearson Chi-square test; ^cFisher’s exact test; ⁺after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple tests, significant if < 0.002 (0.05/47 tests). Comparisons are bivariate between rapid recovery vs. CCI or early death

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