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Table 4 Recommendations for research progression in subphenotype identification

From: Phenotypes and subphenotypes of delirium: a review of current categorisations and suggestions for progression

Research recommendation

Actions required

Establishment of subphenotype reproducibility and overlap

Use of large prospective studies with heterogeneous patient cohorts to validate subphenotypes and compare similar subphenotypes.

Establishment of subphenotype stability across clinical settings and patient demographics

The prospective studies must exist of heterogeneous patient cohorts across multiple clinical settings. The studies should be repeated to assess subphenotypes which differ by severity and duration, and studies should also be repeated at multiple time points. Subphenotype-related biomarkers should be compared across various settings where appropriate.

Validation of subphenotyping strategies

Sharing of large datasets and algorithms between investigators, ideally by making data open access. Greater levels of cybersecurity required.

Reduction in research competitivity

Emphasis on collaboration and involvement in publications.