Fig. 1

Multimorbidity and ICU outcome in 2103 patients aged 80 years or older from the VIP2 study cohort [16] who were admitted to ICU for more than 24 h and did not have limitations of life-sustaining treatment. Among those, 1455 patients received invasive ventilation, vasopressors or renal replacement therapy. (a) Box plot of the number of chronic comorbidities for ICU survivors (n= 1805) and nonsurvivors (n = 298). Logistic regression did not show a significant association with ICU outcome. (b) Multi-state modeling with multimorbidity, frailty and baseline SOFA score as covariates [17]. The panel depicts transitions and significant hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) determined for each point of increase of the number of comorbidities (nCM), clinical frailty scale (CFS) and SOFA score. The number of comorbidities is associated with transition from low-intensity care to death in ICU indicating a role of chronic organ impairments for outcome at that stage.