Table 1 Characteristics of patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy, by coronavirus 2019 disease status and anticoagulation strategy
Characteristic | COV − | COV + | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ACD-A only | ACD-A only | ACD-A + UH | ||
(n = 50) | (n = 64) | (n = 124) | ||
Age, years, median (IQR) | 54.3 (42.1–62.9) | 64.5 (53.1–70.7) | 63.6 (54.3–70.8) | < 0.001 |
Male sex, % | 68 | 83 | 70 | 0.118 |
White, % | 62 | 63 | 68 | 0.620 |
BMI > 30 kg/m2, % | 4 | 27 | 24 | 0.005 |
Hypertension, % | 46 | 69 | 64 | 0.034 |
Diabetes, % | 22 | 45 | 45 | 0.012 |
Mechanical ventilation* % | 78 | 98 | 95 | < 0.001 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio*,a, median (IQR) | 340 (254–408) | 165 (110–252) | 160 (105–195) | < 0.001 |
Vasopressor use,* % | 76 | 92 | 93 | 0.004 |
Serum creatinine,* mg/dl, median (IQR) | 4.57 (3.15–6.55) | 5.12 (3.78–6.20) | 5.11 (3.56–7.15) | 0.644 |
Serum BUN,* mg/dl, median (IQR) | 76.4 (56.5–102) | 103 (78.0–130) | 102 (73.5–121) | 0.003 |
Total bilirubin,*,b mg/dl, median (IQR) | 0.73 (0.31–2.11) | 0.48 (0.35–0.76) | 0.49 (0.30–0.76) | 0.111 |
Hemoglobin,* g/dl, median (IQR) | 8.90 (8.10–10.7) | 9.90 (8.00–12.6) | 9.95 (8.38–11.7) | 0.246 |
Leukocytes,* 103/mm3, median (IQR) | 15.5 (9.11–20.5) | 15.1 (11.6–22.1) | 18.8 (12.6; 25.9) | 0.028 |
Platelets,* 103/mm3, median (IQR) | 194 (100–326) | 262 (135–364) | 304 (201–365) | 0.006 |
D-dimer closest to CRRT initiation,c ng/ml, median (IQR) | N/A | 6636 (4244–14,020) | 5554 (1833–13,968) | 0.254 |
D-dimer closest to filter clotting event,†,d ng/ml, median (IQR) | N/A | 6350 (3971–14,230) | 6488 (3122−19,392) | 0.736 |
CRRT modality | 0.700 | |||
CVVHD, % | 84 | 89 | 88 | |
CVVHDF, % | 16 | 11 | 12 | |
Main parameters in CRRT, mean ± SD | ||||
Blood flow, ml/min | 162 ± 21.6 | 151 ± 12.1 | 150 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 |
Dialysate flow, ml/h | 1954 ± 508 | 2358 ± 498 | 2309 ± 442 | < 0.001 |
Replacement flow,‡ ml/h | 1025 ± 410 | 1057 ± 351 | 880 ± 243 | 0.393 |
Filtration fraction,‡ % | 10.6 ± 6.45 | 21.7 ± 9.60 | 17.5 ± 4.95 | 0.010 |
Catheter location | 0.007 | |||
Right internal jugular vein, % | 42 | 47 | 56 | |
Left internal jugular vein, % | 22 | 6 | 4 | |
Femoral vein, % | 36 | 47 | 40 | |
Non-tunneled catheter, % | 98 | 100 | 98 | 0.661 |
Subcutaneous heparin for VTE prophylaxis, % | 58 | 84 | 35 | < 0.001 |
Target citrate concentration | < 0.001 | |||
2–3 mmol/L, % | 96 | 17 | 6 | |
4–5 mmol/L, % | 4 | 83 | 94 | |
Mean post-filter ionized Ca,e mg/dL§, median (IQR) | 1.36 (1.19–1.48) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 1.06 (0.94–1.18) | < 0.001 |
Mean post-filter ionized Ca < 1.0,e % | 12 | 36 | 35 | 0.017 |
Mean post-filter ionized Ca < 1.4,e % | 61 | 91 | 96 | < 0.001 |