Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort

Baseline characteristics

Age

65.5 (10.8)

64.8 (13.0)

65.9 (9.62)

0.75^a

Male sex

37 (74.0%)

17 (94.4%)

20 (62.5%)

0.02^b

Immunocompromized state

15 (30.0%)

7 (38.9%)

8 (25.0%)

0.30^c

Cancer (incl. hematological)

13 (26.0%)

5 (27.8%)

8 (25.0%)

Immunosuppressive or HIV medication

6 (12.0%)

2 (11.1%)

4 (12.5%)

Organ transplant

1 (2.0%)

0 (0%)

1 (3.1%)

Primary immunoglobulin G deficiency

2 (4.0%)

2 (11.1%)

0 (0%)

Other comorbidities

Diabetes mellitus

26 (52.0%)

8 (44.4%)

18 (56.2%)

0.42^c

Arterial hypertension

26 (52%)

6 (33.3%)

20 (62.5%)

0.02^c

Heart failure (NYHA ≥ 2)

2 (4.4%)

1 (5.6%)

1 (3.1%)

1^b

Chronic kidney disease without dialysis

5 (10%)

2 (11.1%)

3 (9.4%)

1^b

Chronic dialysis

3 (6%)

1 (5.6%)

2 (6.3%)

1^b

Modified frailty index [6]

0.16 (0.12)

0.12 (0.11)

0.18 (0.13)

0.14 ^a

Admission characteristics

PaO₂/FiO₂ at admission

111 (76–136)

91 (73–147)

113 (81–136)

0.41^d

SOFA score at admission

5.5 (4–8)

7 (4–8)

5 (4–8)

0.51 ^d

SAPS-3 score

55.7 (17.7)

54.0 (12.0)

54.6 (14.1)

0.68 ^a

Time from hospital admission to intubation (days)

3.5 (1–10)

5.5 (1–16)

3 (1–10)

0.51 ^d

Time from ICU admission to intubation (days)

2 (0–7)

1.5 (0–8)

2 (0–5)

0.67 ^d

Vasopressor use

48 (96%)

16 (88.9%)

32 (100%)

0.05 ^c

Renal replacement therapy (incl. chronic dialysis)

20 (40%)

9 (50.0%)

11 (34.4%)

0.28 ^c

COVID-19 treatment

Dexamethasone

33 (66.0%)

9 (50.0%)

24 (75.0%)

0.07 ^c

Tocilizumab

8 (16.0%)

2 (11.1%)

6 (18.8%)

0.69 ^b