Overall cohort (n = 825) | |
---|---|
Age, years | 65.0 (57.0–71.0) |
Male gender – no (%) | 600 (72.7) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 (25.2–30.8) |
Transferred under invasive ventilation | 130 (15.8) |
Days between intubation and admission | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
Use of non–invasive ventilation prior to intubation – no (%) | 67/751 (8.9) |
Duration of non–invasive ventilation, h | 6.5 (2.0–19.9) |
Chest CT scan performed – no (%) | 268/799 (33.5) |
Lung parenchyma affected – no (%) | |
0% | 13/268 (4.9) |
25% | 88/268 (32.8) |
50% | 78/268 (29.1) |
75% | 71/268 (26.5) |
100% | 18/268 (6.7) |
Chest X–ray performed – no (%) | 454/525 (86.5) |
Quadrants affected – no (%) | |
1 | 38/453 (8.4) |
2 | 108/453 (23.8) |
3 | 129/453 (28.5) |
4 | 178/453 (39.3) |
Severity of ARDS – no (%) | |
No | 9/813 (1.1) |
Mild | 73/813 (9.0) |
Moderate | 488/813 (60.0) |
Severe | 243/813 (29.9) |
Co–existing disorders – no (%) | |
Hypertension | 279 (33.8) |
Heart failure | 35 (4.2) |
Diabetes | 191 (23.2) |
Chronic kidney disease | 37 (4.5) |
Baseline creatinine, µmol/L* | 78.0 (62.0–98.0) |
Liver cirrhosis | 3 (0.4) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 68 (8.2) |
Active hematological neoplasia | 12 (1.5) |
Active solid neoplasia | 21 (2.5) |
Neuromuscular disease | 3 (0.4) |
Immunosuppression | 19 (2.3) |
Previous medication – no (%) | |
Systemic steroids | 31 (3.8) |
Inhalation steroids | 92 (11.2) |
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | 142 (17.2) |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 90 (10.9) |
Beta-blockers | 149 (18.1) |
Insulin | 61 (7.4) |
Metformin | 135 (16.4) |
Statins | 251 (30.4) |
Calcium channel blockers | 157 (19.0) |
Vital signs at day 01 | |
Heart rate, bpm** | 85.0 (74.5–97.8) |
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg** | 80.5 (73.8–88.0) |
Laboratory tests at day 01 | |
pH** | 7.36 (7.31–7.41) |
Worst PaO2/FiO2, mmHg*** | 123.9 (94.3–160.1) |
PaCO2, mmHg** | 44.5 (39.5–50.3) |
Lactate mmol/L** | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
Organ support at day 01 – no (%) | |
Continuous sedation | 790/823 (96.0) |
Inotropic or vasopressor | 640/823 (77.8) |
Vasopressor | 639/823 (77.6) |
Inotropic | 41/823 (5.0) |
Fluid balance, mL | 539.0 (0.0–1340.0) |
Urine output, mL | 691.0 (380.0–1155.0) |
Ventilation support at day 01 | |
Assisted ventilation – no (%) | 151/823 (18.3) |
Tidal volume, mL/kg PBW**,a | 6.4 (5.9–7.0) |
Tidal volume ≤ 8 mL/kg PBW | 787 (96.1) |
PEEP, cmH2O**,a | 13.0 (11.0–14.7) |
Peak pressure, cmH2O**,a | 27.0 (24.2–30.0) |
Driving pressure, cmH2O**,a | 14.0 (12.0–16.0) |
Driving pressure > 15 cmH2O | 270 (32.7) |
Mechanical power | |
Absolute, J/min**,a | 18.5 (15.5–22.2) |
Mechanical power > 17 J/min | 473 (57.3) |
Adjusted by compliance, (J/min)/(mL/cmH2O) | 0.57 (0.43–0.75) |
Mechanical power > 0.23 (J/min)/(mL/cmH2O) | 510 (61.8) |
Compliance, mL/cmH2O**,a | 32.1 (26.9–39.6) |
Total respiratory rate, mpm**,a | 21.7 (19.8–24.0) |
Set respiratory rate, mpm**,a | 22.0 (20.0–24.0) |
Minute ventilation, L/min**,a | 9.5 (8.4–11.0) |
FiO2** | 0.57 (0.48–0.68) |
etCO2, mmHg** | 36.9 (33.0–42.0) |
Rescue therapy at day 01 – no (%) | |
Prone positioning | 263/811 (32.4) |
Duration, h | 8.0 (4.0–13.0) |
Recruitment maneuver | 14/667 (2.1) |
ECMO | 4/810 (0.5) |
Use of NMBA | 212/822 (25.8) |
Hours of use | 0.0 (0.0–8.0) |
Clinical outcome | |
28-day mortality | 227 (27.5) |