Fig. 5

Impact of beta-blocker therapy on dobutamine treated patients. In all patients treated with beta-blockers, there was no difference in a primary composite outcome, b heart rate or c mean arterial pressure when stratified by milrinone (green) and dobutamine (orange). d vasoactive inotropic score was different between beta-blocker patients treated with mirlinone versus dobutamine. In all patients treated with dobutamine, there was no difference in e primary composite outcome, f heart rate, g mean arterial pressure, or h vasoactive inotropic score when stratified by beta-blocker (blue) and no beta-blocker (red). Survival curves were constructed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Unadjusted relative risks using Chi-square testing was used for the primary composite outcome. A repeated measure mixed model was used to evaluate differences in continuous variables between groups. b–d and e–g demonstrate the mean and 95% confidence intervals between groups. BPM beats per minute