Fig. 4

Key hemodynamic parameters. a Cardiac index, b systemic vascular resistance, c pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and d mixed venous oxygen saturation within the first 48-h of initiation of inotropic therapy. A repeated measure mixed model was used to evaluate differences in continuous variables between groups. All panels demonstrate the mean and 95% confidence intervals between the beta-blocker (blue) and no beta-blocker (red) groups at a specific time interval