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Table 1 Comparisons of clinical and laboratory variables across classes on day 0

From: Individualized resuscitation strategy for septic shock formalized by finite mixture modeling and dynamic treatment regimen

Variables

Total (n = 1437)

1 (n = 380)

2 (n = 115)

3 (n = 723)

4 (n = 81)

5 (n = 138)

p

Age (years), median (IQR)

67.00 (54.00, 78.00)

72.50 (62.00, 82.00)

65.00 (55.00, 75.50)

67.00 (55.50, 77.00)

77.00 (61.00, 84.00)

42.00 (30.00, 51.00)

< 0.001

Gender, male (%)

912 (63)

245 (64)

71 (62)

450 (62)

59 (73)

87 (63)

0.425

Weight (kg), median (IQR)

64.00 (56.00, 70.00)

64.00 (54.00, 69.00)

64.00 (58.00, 70.00)

64.00 (60.00, 71.00)

62.00 (53.00, 65.00)

65.00 (60.00, 70.00)

< 0.001

Comorbidity, n (%)

      

< 0.001

CRF

51 ( 4)

13 (3)

2 (2)

27 (4)

5 (6)

4 (3)

 

None

681 (47)

162 (43)

56 (49)

333 (46)

35 (43)

95 (69)

 

Diabetes

288 (20)

76 (20)

28 (24)

145 (20)

18 (22)

21 (15)

 

Hypertension

336 (23)

99 (26)

26 (23)

176 (24)

20 (25)

15 (11)

 

CAD

81 ( 6)

30 (8)

3 (3)

42 (6)

3 (4)

3 (2)

 

Site of infection, n (%)

      

< 0.001

Abdomen

544 (38)

112 (29)

46 (40)

332 (46)

7 (9)

47 (34)

 

Thorax

690 (48)

226 (59)

49 (43)

281 (39)

70 (86)

64 (46)

 

Brain

13 ( 1)

6 (2)

1 (1)

1 (0)

1 (1)

4 (3)

 

Blood

36 ( 3)

8 (2)

3 (3)

17 (2)

3 (4)

5 (4)

 

Soft tissue

50 ( 3)

7 (2)

6 (5)

26 (4)

0 (0)

11 (8)

 

UTI

104 ( 7)

21 (6)

10 (9)

66 (9)

0 (0)

7 (5)

 

Type, n (%)

      

< 0.001

Medical

800 (56)

232 (61)

67 (58)

361 (50)

69 (85)

71 (51)

 

Elective surgery

179 (12)

52 (14)

15 (13)

89 (12)

3 (4)

20 (14)

 

Emergent surgery

458 (32)

96 (25)

33 (29)

273 (38)

9 (11)

47 (34)

 

Hours on day 0, median (IQR)

13.00 (9.00, 17.00)

13.50 (10.00, 17.00)

12.50 (8.00, 19.00)

13.00 (9.00, 17.00)

13.40 (8.00, 18.00)

14.40 (10.62, 17.88)

0.119

MV, n (%)

1227 (85)

329 (87)

104 (90)

600 (83)

78 (96)

116 (84)

0.007

APACHEII, median (IQR)

22.00 (16.00, 27.00)

21.00 (14.00, 26.00)

25.00 (19.00, 30.00)

22.00 (17.00, 28.00)

23.00 (17.00, 26.00)

20.00 (14.00, 24.75)

< 0.001

Use of norepinephrine, n (%)

1259 (88)

312 (82)

108 (94)

659 (91)

65 (80)

115 (83)

< 0.001

Maximum HR (/min), Mean ± SD

122.25 ± 23.46

108.70 ± 21.08

133.97 ± 19.78

126.72 ± 22.63

119.22 ± 22.20

128.18 ± 21.39

< 0.001

Maximum SBP (mmHg), median (IQR)

132.00 (113.00, 147.00)

137.00 (120.00, 150.00)

128.00 (110.00, 147.50)

130.00 (110.00, 145.00)

136.00 (120.00, 150.00)

130.50 (111.00, 142.75)

0.001

Minimum SBP (mmHg), median (IQR)

87.00 (74.00, 98.00)

91.00 (77.00, 102.00)

83.00 (70.00, 98.00)

86.00 (71.00, 98.00)

88.00 (74.00, 98.00)

89.00 (78.00, 98.20)

0.002

Temperature (℃), median (IQR)

37.50 (36.90, 38.40)

37.30 (36.80, 37.80)

37.40 (36.70, 38.50)

37.60 (37.00, 38.50)

37.50 (37.00, 38.20)

38.50 (37.60, 39.20)

< 0.001

Minimum pH, median (IQR)

7.35 (7.28, 7.41)

7.40 (7.37, 7.45)

7.24 (7.14, 7.31)

7.32 (7.26, 7.37)

7.38 (7.30, 7.47)

7.41 (7.37, 7.45)

< 0.001

Minimum HCO3, median (IQR)

20.60 (17.00, 23.40)

23.20 (21.90, 25.70)

15.30 (11.40, 18.45)

18.00 (15.60, 20.50)

34.30 (32.60, 37.50)

23.10 (21.63, 25.20)

< 0.001

Minimum BE, median (IQR)

− 4.20 (− 7.90, − 0.60)

− 0.70 (− 2.40, 1.60)

− 11.00 (− 14.90, − 6.75)

− 6.90 (− 9.50, − 4.44)

8.90 (5.00, 12.60)

− 0.80 (− 2.68, 1.00)

< 0.001

Maximum lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR)

2.70 (1.80, 4.60)

1.90 (1.40, 2.50)

11.10 (9.05, 14.25)

3.40 (2.10, 5.00)

1.90 (1.40, 2.90)

2.00 (1.63, 2.98)

< 0.001

Minimum PF, median (IQR)

199.00 (135.17, 258.00)

210.00 (160.00, 280.00)

174.00 (99.50, 219.91)

187.50 (130.00, 250.00)

169.00 (117.83, 232.00)

210.00 (153.32, 297.79)

< 0.001

Maximum PaCO2 (mmHg), median (IQR)

39.00 (33.00, 46.00)

40.00 (35.00, 44.05)

41.00 (31.50, 47.60)

36.20 (30.25, 44.00)

60.00 (50.00, 77.00)

38.00 (33.00, 42.80)

< 0.001

Hb (g/l), median (IQR)

103.00 (85.00, 124.00)

97.00 (81.00, 115.00)

100.00 (85.50, 125.00)

107.00 (88.00, 126.00)

107.00 (89.00, 127.00)

105.50 (87.25, 129.50)

< 0.001

Hct (%), median (IQR)

29.90 (26.30, 36.10)

27.90 (26.00, 32.90)

30.00 (26.30, 36.65)

31.40 (26.30, 37.25)

32.00 (26.30, 38.90)

29.00 (26.30, 36.50)

< 0.001

Platelet (\(\times {10}^{9}/\mathrm{L}\)), median (IQR)

136.00 (81.00, 212.00)

148.00 (89.75, 214.25)

107.00 (47.00, 182.00)

131.00 (75.00, 200.00)

188.00 (122.00, 267.00)

146.50 (90.50, 236.75)

< 0.001

RDWCV, median (IQR)

14.00 (13.00, 16.00)

14.00 (13.00, 16.00)

14.00 (13.00, 15.40)

14.00 (13.00, 15.00)

14.00 (13.00, 15.00)

14.00 (13.00, 15.00)

0.108

Serum creatinine (mmol/L), median (IQR)

113.60 (71.00, 203.00)

92.05 (61.86, 134.85)

175.80 (105.65, 265.48)

138.00 (87.74, 236.15)

76.00 (51.80, 121.00)

79.55 (56.08, 115.84)

< 0.001

Intake volume (mL), median (IQR)

2866.00 (1900.00, 3976.00)

2480.00 (1712.00, 3457.25)

3667.00 (2102.50, 5521.00)

2962.00 (1926.00, 4045.00)

2571.00 (1806.15, 3200.50)

3448.50 (2131.25, 5115.50)

< 0.001

Output volume (mL), median (IQR)

1440.00 (800.00, 2415.00)

1450.50 (863.00, 2219.25)

1360.00 (480.00, 2414.50)

1320.00 (745.00, 2280.00)

1314.00 (628.00, 1930.00)

2537.00 (1410.75, 3545.00)

< 0.001

Urine output (mL), median (IQR)

970.00 (400.00, 1695.00)

1150.00 (646.25, 1801.25)

470.00 (206.00, 1420.00)

795.00 (320.00, 1422.50)

950.00 (515.00, 1740.00)

1835.00 (1092.50, 2990.00)

< 0.001

Hospital LOS, median (IQR)

19.00 (11.00, 32.00)

20.50 (12.00, 34.00)

19.00 (8.00, 36.50)

18.00 (10.00, 30.00)

22.00 (14.00, 36.00)

20.00 (12.00, 34.75)

0.019

ICU LOS, median (IQR)

9.00 (5.00, 17.00)

10.00 (6.00, 21.00)

9.00 (5.00, 16.00)

8.00 (5.00, 15.00)

14.00 (7.00, 23.00)

10.00 (5.25, 18.75)

< 0.001

Mortality, n (%)

423 (29)

120 (32)

47 (41)

193 (27)

34 (42)

29 (21)

< 0.001

  1. Bold significances are shown in the last column (p < 0.001)
  2. All variables were recorded on day 0. LOS length of stay, IQR interquartile range, CRF chronic renal failure, CAD coronary artery diseases, UTI urinary tract infection, HR heart rate, SD standard deviation, ICU intensive care unit, RDWCV red blood cell distribution width, BE base excess, Hct hematocrit
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