Fig. 3

Multivariable Cox regression model with time-varying covariates. Relative hazard could be varying over time and our model reported the average value for a given dose. A Fluid volume and risk of mortality stratified by class membership. More fluid administration was associated with reduced risk of mortality in class 2 (Critical class). B Daily maximum dose of norepinephrine and hazard ratio. While more norepinephrine was associated with increased risk of mortality in overall population, greater dose of norepinephrine was associated with reduced risk of mortality in class 3 (respiratory failure class). The gray area indicates the 95% confidence interval, and the small bars on horizontal axis indicate sample points. C Multivariable regression model showed significant interaction between class membership and fluid volume. There was significant interaction between fluid intake and class 2 (critical class) membership (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.95). D Larger dose of norepinephrine was associated with increased instantaneous hazard in the main effect (HR 3.17; 95% CI 2.06–4.89). There was significant interaction between class 3 and norepinephrine dose (HR for interaction: 0.28; 95% CI 0.14–0.58; p < 0.001). HRs for comorbidities were reported with the None comorbidity as reference. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CRF chronic renal failure, CAD coronary artery diseases, NorepiEq norepinephrine equivalence dose in mcg/kg/min, Cre creatinine in mg/dl, APACHEII Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Intake Vol daily intake volume in liters