Table 1 Molecular and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
From: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and potential intervention approaches
Variant of concern | Alpha B.1.1.7 | Beta B.1.351 | Gamma P.1 | Delta and Kappa* B.1.617.2 B.1.617.1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epidemiology | First Identified | September. 2020, UK | October. 2020, South Africa | December. 2020, Japan & Brazil | December. 2020, India |
| Â | Global frequency** | 48% | 7% | 7% | 14% |
| Â | Major geographic distribution | Worldwide | South Africa | South America | Asia |
Predominant mutations | Spike RBD mutations | N501Y | K417N, E484K, N501Y | K417T, E484K, N501Y | L452R, E484Q, T478K (Delta) |
| Â | Spike non- RBD mutations | D614G, P681H | D614G | D614G | D614G, P681R |
Clinical considerations *** | Transmissibility | ↑ **** | ↑? | ↑? | ↑? |
|  | Virulence | ↑? | ↑? | ↑? | ↑? |
|  | Host Immune response | ↓ | ↓ | ↓? | ↓? |
|  | Diagnostic tools |  ↔  |  ↔  |  ↔  |  ↔  |
Therapeutic considerations*** | Vaccinations’ effectivity |  |  |  |  |
|  | mRNA- based |  ↔  | ↓ |  ↔  | ? |
|  | Adenovirus-based | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ? |
|  | Recombinant protein-based vaccines | ↓ | ↓↓ | ? | ? |
|  | Inactivated virus-based |  ↔  | ↓ |  ↔  | ? |
| Â | Potential therapeutic strategies | ||||
| Â | S1 RBD targeted therapeutics: Soluble human recombinant ACE2, anti-RBD nanobodies Endosomal formation interruption: TMPRSS2 inhibitors (e.g., Camostat), ADAM17 inhibitors, Viral replication-oriented therapies: RdRp inhibitors (e.g. Remdesivir, GS-441524), Cas13d-based PAC-MAN | ||||