Table 1 Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients

Age (year)

Median (range)

45.0(0 ~ 93)

Average ± SD

Categorical age

 < 40

26

8.7

40–60

110

36.7

 > 60

164

54.7

Gender

Female

130

43.3

Male

170

56.7

Fever

No

25

8.3

Yes

275

91.7

Cough

No

75

25

Yes

225

75

Expectoration

No

221

73.7

Yes

79

26.3

Shortness of breath

No

128

42.7

Yes

172

57.3

Diarrhea

No

293

97.7

Yes

7

2.3

Comorbidities

No

256

85.3

Yes

44

14.7

Diabetes mellitus

No

251

83.7

Yes

49

16.3

Hypertension

No

193

64.3

Yes

107

35.7

Cardiovascular disease

No

272

90.7

Yes

28

9.3

Cerebral infarction

No

286

95.3

Yes

14

4.7

Glucocorticoid

No

272

90.7

Yes

28

9.3

Imaging score

1.0–2.0

41

13.7

3.0–4.0

83

27.7

5.0–6.0

63

21

7.0–8.0

113

37.7

Nasal catheter

No

141

47

Yes

159

53

High flow oxygen intake

No

216

72

Yes

84

28

Noninvasive ventilation

No

238

79.3

Yes

62

20.7

Invasive ventilation

No

222

74

Yes

78

26

Mode of ventilation

No oxygen

47

15.7

OWNC

99

33.0

HFNC

33

11.0

NIV

38

12.7

IV

83

27.6

Stage

Mild

47

15.7

Severe

132

44.0

Critical

121

40.3

CEA (ng/ml)

Median (range)

3.25 (0.50 ~ 66.60)

Average ± SD

6.88 ± 10.20

Categorical CEA

0–5

194

64.7

 > 5

106

35.3

Albumin (g/l)

 < 30

125

41.7

30–35

109

36.3

35–40

51

17

 > 40

15

5

Hemoglobin (g/l)

 < 115

108

36

115–150

182

60.7

 > 150

10

3.3

Neutrophils (× 10⁹/l)

 < 1.8

17

5.7

1.8–6.3

161

53.6

 > 6.3

122

40.7

Lymphocytes (× 10⁹/l)

 < 1.1

199

66.3

1.1–3.2

101

33.7

CRP (mg/l)

0–6

31

10.3

6–160

202

67.3

 > 160

67

22.3

Hypokalemia

No

85.7

Yes

43

14.3

Hypocalcemia

No

138

46

Yes

162

54

Hyponatremia

No

275

91.7

Yes

25

8.3

Hyperkalemia

No

287

95.7

Yes

13

4.3

Hypernatremia

No

295

98.3

Yes

5

1.7

Overall survival

Alive

174

58.0

Dead

126

42.0

Survival time (day)

Median (Range)

24 (6 ~ 66)

Average ± SD

26.60 ± 11.09