Table 1 Overall seasonal trends of CS cases in Germany from 2007 to 2015
Winter (N = 115,710; 26.2%) | Spring (N = 108,949; 24.6%) | Summer (N = 105,980; 23.9%) | Fall (N = 111,057; 25.1%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age, years | 71.1 ± 13.6 | 70.7 ± 13.7 | 70.8 ± 13.8 | 71.0 ± 13.7 | < 0.001 |
Sex, female | 44,927 (38.8%) | 42,141 (38.6%) | 41,191 (38.8%) | 43,124 (38.8%) | 0.814 |
Outcomes | |||||
In-hospital mortality | 70,727 (61.1%) | 64,382 (59.0%) | 62,379 (58.8%) | 67,381 (60.6%) | < 0.001 |
Clinical presentation | |||||
Acute myocardial infarction | 54,780 (47.3%) | 52,745 (48.4%) | 50,500 (47.6%) | 53,967 (48.5%) | < 0.001 |
Pre-hospital cardiac arrest | 16,540 (14.2%) | 16,272 (14.9%) | 16,145 (15.2%) | 16,956 (15.2%) | < 0.001 |
Intra-hospital cardiac arrest | 44,038 (38.0%) | 40,818 (37.4%) | 39,705 (37.4%) | 42,890 (38.6%) | < 0.001 |
Post cardiothoracic surgery | 4060 (3.5%) | 3920 (3.6%) | 3842 (3.6%) | 3899 (3.5%) | 0.329 |
Severe pulmonary embolism | 4629 (4.0%) | 4251 (3.9%) | 4374 (4.1%) | 4626 (4.1%) | 0.006 |
Acute myocarditis | 452 (0.3%) | 318 (0.2%) | 332 (0.3%) | 368 (0.3%) | < 0.001 |
Treatment | |||||
Invasive ventilation | 52,354 (45.2%) | 48,356 (44.3%) | 46,957 (44.3%) | 49,505 (44.5%) | < 0.001 |
Non-invasive ventilation | 13,979 (12.0%) | 13,220 (12.1%) | 13,083 (12.3%) | 13,619 (12.2%) | 0.271 |
Dialysis | 19,412 (16.7%) | 18,307 (16.8%) | 17,634 (16.6%) | 18,423 (16.5%) | 0.459 |
IABP | 11,812 (10.2%) | 11,307 (10.3%) | 10,689 (10.0%) | 10,777 (9.7%) | < 0.001 |
LVAD | 507 (0.4%) | 494 (0.4%) | 496 (0.4%) | 468 (0.4%) | 0.398 |
VA-ECMO | 2374 (2.0%) | 2453 (2.2%) | 2430 (2.2%) | 2568 (2.3%) | < 0.001 |