During ECMO tracheostomy (n = 353) | After ECMO tracheostomy (n = 177) | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Interval ECMO-tracheostomy, days | 8 (5–13) | 16 (11–20) | < 0.01 |
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy | 255 (72) | 115 (65) | < 0.01 |
Mechanical ventilation the day of the tracheostomy | |||
FiO2, % | 52 ± 16 | 44 ± 10 | < 0.01 |
Tidal volume, ml/kg PBW | 4.3 ± 2.3 | 7.5 ± 2.3 | < 0.01 |
Total respiratory rate, breaths/min | 20 ± 12 | 23 ± 9 | 0.06 |
Plateau pressure, cmH2O | 24 ± 4 | 24 ± 5 | 0.52 |
Static compliance, ml/cm H2O | 23 ± 17 | 36 ± 16 | < 0.01 |
PEEP, cmH2O | 11 ± 4 | 8 ± 3 | 0.01 |
Driving pressure, cmH2O | 14 ± 4 | 15 ± 4 | < 0.01 |
ECMO settings | |||
ECMO flow, L/min | 3.3 ± 1.3 | – | |
Sweep gas flow, L/min | 5.7 ± 3.0 | – | |
FdO2, % | 96 ± 14 | – | |
PaCO2, mmHg | 42 ± 8 | 41 ± 8 | 0.25 |
Unfractionated Heparin consumption | |||
24 h before tracheostomy, UI/24 h | 17,280 (8588–39,120) | 5192 (0–33,920) | < 0.01 |
24 h after tracheostomy, UI/24 h | 1800 (600–13,000) | 500 (0–1500) | < 0.01 |
Any early tracheostomy complications (first 24 h) | 11 (3) | 6 (3) | 1.00 |
Local bleeding requiring transfusion | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.30 |
Pneumothorax | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.30 |
Subcutaneous emphysema | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 1.00 |
Tracheal rupture | 1 (0.3) | 2 (1) | 0.36 |
Failure | 1 (0.3) | 3 (2) | 0.18 |
Any late tracheostomy complications | 88 (38) | 17 (17) | < 0.01 |
Local bleeding | 87 (25) | 13 (7) | < 0.01 |
Accidental tracheostomy decannulation | 1 (0.3) | 4 (2) | 0.07 |
Tracheomalacia | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | – |
Delay tracheostomy-awake, days | 4 (2–10) | 2 (1–4) | < 0.01 |
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale | |||
24 h before the tracheostomy | − 3 (− 4; − 2) | − 3 (− 4; − 1) | < 0.01 |
24 h after the tracheostomy | − 3 (− 4; − 2) | − 2 (− 3; − 1) | < 0.01 |