Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies and patients
Authors (year) | Country | Study type | Settings | Inclusion criteria | Control strategy | Cause of invasive MV | Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mode | Support level (cmH2O) | |||||||
Demoule 2016 | France | Multi-center RCT | ICU | Endotracheal MV more than 24 h | PSV | PS level: set to obtain a tidal volume of 6–8 ml/kg predicted body weight PEEP: set PEEP according to local guidelines | de novo hypoxemic RF acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema acute-on-chronic RF | Primary outcome: Proportion of patients with successful partial ventilator support Secondary outcomes: duration of MV; VFDs; hospital /ICU LOS |
Kuo 2016 | Taiwan, China | Single-center RCT | RCC | MV via intubation or tracheotomy, > 21 days | PSV | PS level: 8 PEEP: 5 | COPD | Primary outcome: weaning outcome Secondary outcomes: length of MV, RCC/hospital LOS; hospital, and 90-day mortality |
Ferreira 2017 | Brazil | Single-center randomized crossover trial | ICU | MV more than 48Â h | PSV | PS level: 5 PEEP: 5 | COPD, trauma, sepsis, cardiac arrest, coma, metabolic acidosis, pneumonia, drowning, pleural effusion, cardiac failure | Outcome of SBT and extubations; asynchrony index; weaning success; length of MV; mortality; PaO2/FiO2 index |
Fakher 2019 | Egypt | Single-center RCT | ICU | Invasively ventilated with predictive criteria of difficult weaning | PSV | PS level: set to obtain a tidal volume of 5–8 ml/kg predicted body weight PEEP: NA | N/a | Weaning success; length of MV; length of stay; mortality; PaO2/FiO2 index |
Hadfield 2020 | UK | Multi-center RCT | ICU | Invasive MV with the risk factors for prolonged MV | PSV | PS level: set to obtain a tidal volume of 6–8 ml/kg predicted body weight PEEP: N/a | COPD, heart failure, ARDS | Primary outcome: the proportion of MV timea Secondary outcomes: VFDs; duration of MV; ICU/hospital mortality; ICU/hospital LOS; VAP, pneumothoraxes, and unplanned extubation |
Kacmarek 2020 | Spain | Multi-center RCT | ICU | Intubated and mechanically ventilated for ≤ 5 days but expected to be ventilated for ≥ 72 h | PSV, A/C, PRVC | N/a | Pneumonia, sepsis, post-surgical, COPD, acute pancreatitis, aspiration, poisoning, trauma, heart failure, other | Primary outcome: VFDs Secondary outcomes: ICU/hospital mortality; duration of MV; reintubation rate; pulmonary complications |
Liu 2020 | China | Single-center RCT | ICU | Invasive MV more than 24 h | PSV | PS level: set to obtain a VT of 6 to 8 ml/kg predicted body weight PEEP: to maintain Spo2 ≥ 90% | Pneumonia, sepsis, COPD, ACS/CHF, nervous system disease, surgery, trauma, other | Primary outcomes: duration of weaning Secondary outcomes: successful weaning; successful extubation; VFDs; duration of invasive MV; hospital/ICU LOS; 28-day mortality; PVA |