Table 1 Characteristics of the patients

Age, years

63 [54–71]

61.00 [52–69]

68.00 [61–75]

 < 0.01

Female gender

55 (19.2)

40 (20.6)

15 (16.1)

0.46

Body mass index

28 [25–32]

28 [25–32]

28 [25–31]

0.94

Comorbid conditions

Obesity

168 (61.3)

116 (62.7)

52 (58.4)

0.58

Arterial hypertension

137 (47.7)

89 (45.9)

48 (51.6)

0.43

Diabetes mellitus

84 (29.3)

54 (27.8)

30 (32.3)

0.53

Tobacco use

38 (13.2)

26 (13.4)

12 (12.9)

1

COPD

34 (11.8)

22 (11.3)

12 (12.9)

0.85

Chronic kidney disease

22 (7.7)

11 (5.7)

11 (11.8)

0.11

Cirrhosis

2 (0.7)

1 (0.5)

1 (1.1)

1

Characteristics on ICU admission

SAPS2, points

59 [29–53]

36 [28–46]

47 [38–63]

 < 0.01

SOFA, points

6 [4–9]

5 [3–8]

8 [5–10]

 < 0.01

Initial P/F ratio

103 [76–150]

113 [80–150]

86 [70–124]

 < 0.01

Interval from symptom onset to ICU admission

7 [4–10]

7 [4–10]

7 [4–10]

0.93

ICU management

Mechanical ventilation

262 (91.3)

170 (87.6)

92 (98.9)

 < 0.01

Norepinephrine

217 (75.9)

130 (67.4)

87 (93.5)

 < 0.01

Neuromuscular blockade

244 (85.0)

154 (79.4)

90 (96.8)

 < 0.01

Prone positioning

194 (67.6)

113 (58.2)

81 (87.1)

 < 0.01

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

25 (8.7)

11 (6.4)

14 (15.7)

0.03

Renal replacement therapy

82 (28.6)

38 (19.6)

44 (47.3)

 < 0.01

Specific treatment

Hydroxychloroquine

84 (29.3)

55 (28.5)

29 (31.5)

0.70

Azithromycin

75 (26.1)

48 (24.9)

27 (29.3)

0.51

Lopinavir/ritonavir

61 (21.3)

33 (17.1)

28 (30.4)

0.02

Corticosteroids

55 (19.2)

31 (18.0)

24 (27.3)

0.12

Remdesivir

10 (3.4)

9 (4.7)

1 (1.1)

0.23

Tocilizumab

8 (2.8)

3 (1.6)

5 (5.4)

0.14

Outcomes

Length of stay, days

19 [10–30]

19 [12–31]

15 [7–27]

0.04

Duration of mechanical ventilation, days

16 [8–28]

16 [9–28]

15 [7–27]

0.75

Secondary infection

151 (53.0)

97 (50.3)

54 (58.7)

0.23

End-of-life decision

42 (14.6)

0 (0)

42 (45.2)

 < 0.01