Table 1 Sample characteristics

n

7487

319

756

1723

1446

1097

1127

730

246

43

Male sex (n, %)

3934 (52.5)

200 (62.7)

455 (60.2)

988 (57.3)

783 (54.1)

530 (48.3)

504 (44.7)

333 (45.6)

122 (49.6)

19 (44.2)

Age, years (median [IQR])

84.0 [81.0, 87.0]

82.0 [81.0, 85.0]

83.0 [81.0, 86.0]

83.0 [81.0, 86.0]

84.0 [81.0, 86.0]

84.0 [82.0, 87.0]

84.0 [82.0, 88.0]

85.0 [82.0, 88.0]

84.0 [82.0, 87.0]

83.0 [81.0, 87.0]

SOFA score (median [IQR])

7.0 [4.0, 10.0]

6.0 [3.0, 8.0]

6.0 [4.0, 10.0]

6.0 [4.0, 10.0]

6.0 [4.0, 10.0]

7.0 [4.0, 10.0]

7.0 [4.0, 10.0]

8.0 [5.0, 10.0]

9.0 [6.0, 12.0]

9.0 [7.5, 12.5]

Reason for admission (n, %)

 Respiratory failure

1809 (24.2)

67 (21.0)

154 (20.4)

358 (20.8)

374 (25.9)

278 (25.3)

300 (26.6)

191 (26.2)

73 (29.7)

14 (32.6)

 Circulatory failure

1057 (14.1)

32 (10.0)

111 (14.7)

240 (13.9)

221 (15.3)

157 (14.3)

166 (14.7)

100 (13.7)

23 (9.3)

7 (16.3)

 Combined respiratory/circulatory failure

874 (11.7)

17 (5.3)

58 (7.7)

165 (9.6)

183 (12.7)

137 (12.5)

141 (12.5)

116 (15.9)

50 (20.3)

7 (16.3)

 Sepsis

992 (13.2)

26 (8.2)

80 (10.6)

242 (14.0)

159 (11.0)

162 (14.8)

152 (13.5)

119 (16.3)

45 (18.3)

7 (16.3)

 Emergency surgery

900 (12.0)

49 (15.4)

96 (12.7)

246 (14.3)

166 (11.5)

131 (11.9)

137 (12.2)

60 (8.2)

14 (5.7)

1 (2.3)

 Non-traumatic cerebral pathology

477 (6.4)

38 (11.9)

67 (8.9)

104 (6.0)

84 (5.8)

52 (4.7)

68 (6.0)

48 (6.6)

12 (4.9)

4 (9.3)

 Multiple trauma without head injury

141 (1.9)

12 (3.8)

28 (3.7)

39 (2.3)

25 (1.7)

14 (1.3)

18 (1.6)

5 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Multiple trauma with head injury

128 (1.7)

15 (4.7)

24 (3.2)

36 (2.1)

18 (1.2)

18 (1.6)

9 (0.8)

7 (1.0)

1 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

 Isolated head injury

180 (2.4)

10 (3.1)

29 (3.8)

43 (2.5)

30 (2.1)

20 (1.8)

29 (2.6)

13 (1.8)

4 (1.6)

2 (4.7)

 Other

929 (12.4)

53 (16.6)

109 (14.4)

250 (14.5)

186 (12.9)

128 (11.7)

107 (9.5)

71 (9.7)

24 (9.8)

1 (2.3)

NIV (n, %)

1854 (24.8)

71 (22.3)

155 (20.5)

383 (22.2)

375 (25.9)

298 (27.2)

306 (27.2)

200 (27.4)

53 (21.5)

13 (30.2)

Intubation (n, %)

3804 (50.8)

165 (51.7)

421 (55.7)

885 (51.4)

731 (50.6)

510 (46.5)

551 (48.9)

357 (48.9)

159 (64.6)

25 (58.1)

Vasoactive drugs (n, %)

4400 (58.8)

173 (54.2)

436 (57.7)

1004 (58.3)

837 (57.9)

646 (58.9)

677 (60.1)

436 (59.7)

162 (65.9)

29 (67.4)

Renal replacement therapy (n, %)

820 (11.0)

24 (7.5)

72 (9.5)

208 (12.1)

165 (11.4)

101 (9.2)

126 (11.2)

76 (10.4)

43 (17.5)

5 (11.6)

Life sustaining treatment limitation

 None

4930 (65.8)

239 (74.9)

571 (75.5)

1236 (71.7)

982 (67.9)

688 (62.7)

669 (59.4)

370 (50.7)

154 (62.6)

21 (48.8)

 Withdrawal

1108 (14.8)

39 (12.2)

107 (14.2)

234 (13.6)

194 (13.4)

166 (15.1)

183 (16.2)

135 (18.5)

39 (15.9)

11 (25.6)

 Withholding

1449 (19.4)

41 (12.9)

78 (10.3)

253 (14.7)

270 (18.7)

243 (22.2)

275 (24.4)

225 (30.8)

53 (21.5)

11 (25.6)

Length of stay in the ICU, days, non-survivors (median [IQR])

3.00 [1.00, 7.93]

5.10 [1.87, 0.82]

3.00 [0.67, 8.85]

3.30 [1.00, 8.00]

3.80 [1.10, 9.00]

2.50 [1.00, 7.20]

3.00 [1.00, 7.00]

2.20 [0.80, 6.05]

3.00 [1.00, 8.20]

2.30 [0.80, 5.47]

Length of stay in the ICU, days, survivors (median [IQR])

3.30 [1.70, 7.00]

3.80 [1.80, 8.00]

3.50 [1.80, 6.93]

3.60 [1.80, 7.82]

3.50 [1.70, 7.00]

3.15 [1.50, 6.53]

3.00 [1.60, 6.23]

3.00 [1.35, 6.25]

6.20 [2.00,15.00]

3.70 [1.00,12.50]

Death in the ICU (n, %)

2024 (27.0)

60 (18.8)

188 (24.9)

403 (23.4)

369 (25.5)

273 (24.9)

331 (29.4)

259 (35.5)

113 (45.9)

28 (65.1)

Death in 30-day follow-up (n, %)

2985 (39.9)

91 (28.5)

254 (33.6)

576 (33.4)

545 (37.7)

416 (37.9)

513 (45.5)

406 (55.6)

149 (60.6)

35 (81.4)