Table 1 Patient characteristics, preoperative
Variable | Placebo (n = 13) | Levosimendan (n = 16) | Between group difference (LMM) p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male (%) | 12 (92) | 10 (63) | 0.906 | |
Mean age (year) | 65 (37–78) | 70 (52–82) | 0.253 | |
Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 55 ± 10 | 55 ± 10 | 1.000 | |
Hypertension (%) | 13 (45) | 12 (41) | 0.107 | |
Mean preoperative serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 82 ± 15 | 84 ± 13 | 0.628 | |
Betablockers | 12 | 8 | 0.020 | |
ACE-inhibitors | 4 | 4 | 1.000 | |
Calcium channel blockers | 5 | 4 | 0.688 | |
Statins | 9 | 8 | 0.451 | |
Loop diuretics | 5 | 8 | 0.711 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 | 1 | 0.026 | |
Insulin | 2 | 0 | 0.192 | |
Peroral antidiabetics | 6 | 1 | 0.026 | |
Patient characteristics at study start | ||||
Mean creatinine at time of inclusion (µmol/L) | 127 ± 22 | 148 ± 29 | 0.030 | |
Time from CPB to inclusion (hours) | 24 ± 10 | 34 ± 14 | 0.108 | |
Coronary artery bypass surgery (n) | 3 | 2 | 0.632 | |
Valve surgery (n) | 3 | 5 | 0.697 | |
Coronary artery bypass + valve (n) | 2 | 0 | 0.192 | |
Other (aortic dissection/double valve etc.) (n) | 5 | 9 | 0.462 | |
CPB time (min) | 117 ± 35 | 125 ± 52 | 0.965 | |
AKI grade 1 (n) | 13 | 11 | ||
AKI grade 2 (n) | 0 | 5 | 0.048 |