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Fig. 2 | Critical Care

Fig. 2

From: Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with COVID-19: clinical features and potential inference with lung dysbiosis

Fig. 2

Lung microbiota composition and diversity indices in patients with S. aureus respiratory infection. Alpha diversity (a) and Unweighted Unifrac Beta diversity (b) were analysed on the basis of the dataset normalized to 105,851 reads per sample. The two groups compared were defined by SARS-CoV-2 positive infection. The differences between groups were assessed by Wilcoxon nonparametric test showing a lower alpha diversity in COVID-19 group compared to patients from the non-COVID-19 group (Observed index: 94.4 ± 44.9 vs. 152.5 ± 41.8; P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the Shannon (P = 0.421), Simpson’s inverse (P = 0.979), or Pielou's evenness (P = 0.938) indices. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed significant differences between the microbial communities of the two groups (R2 0.15349, P = 0.004). Panel C shows the mean of the relative abundances of the 30 more represented genera within the six major phyla that compose the lung bacterial community of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups

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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535