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Table 3 Comparison between patients with post-extubation respiratory failure who required reintubation in ICU and those who were successfully treated without reintubation

From: Non-invasive ventilation versus high-flow nasal oxygen for postextubation respiratory failure in ICU: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial

 

No reintubation (n = 71)

Reintubation (n = 75)

P value

Characteristics of the patients at admission

Age, years

72 ± 9

69 ± 9

0.049

Male sex, n (%)

40 (56%)

53 (71%)

0.07

Body-mass index, kg/m2

30 ± 8

27 ± 6

0.02

Obesity, n (%)

30 (43%)

20 (27%)

0.04

SAPS II at admission, points

58 ± 18

57 ± 18

0.86

Underlying chronic cardiac disease, n (%)

33 (46%)

32 (43%)

0.64

Underlying chronic lung disease, n (%)

29 (41%)

28 (37%)

0.66

Acute respiratory failure as reason for intubation, n (%)

43 (61%)

46 (61%)

0.92

Characteristics of the patients the day of extubation

SOFA score, points

4.1 ± 2.8

4.8 ± 2.7

0.11

Duration of mechanical ventilation, median (IQR), days

6 [3–13]

6 [3–13]

0.85

Weaning difficulty, n (%)

  

0.20

Simple weaning

36 (51%)

49 (65%)

 

Difficult or prolonged weaning

35 (49%)

26 (35%)

 

Ineffective cough, n/n total (%)

25/67 (37%)

21/73 (29%)

0.28

Abundant secretions, n/n total (%)

24/68 (35%)

38/72 (53%)

0.04

Administration of steroids before extubation, n (%)

12 (17%)

5 (7%)

0.05

Prophylactic NIV after extubation, n (%)

32 (45%)

31 (41%)

0.65

Characteristics at time of ARF

Interval between extubation and respiratory failure, hours

20 [5–47]

22 [4–57]

0.89

Systolic arterial pressure, mm Hg

135 ± 25

136 ± 24

0.67

Diastolic arterial pressure, mm Hg

66 ± 14

67 ± 15

0.94

Heart rate, beats/min

82 ± 33

95 ± 30

0.01

Respiratory rate, breaths/min

39 ± 25

35 ± 22

0.38

Clinical signs suggesting respiratory distress, n (%)

38 (54%)

15 (20%)

 < 0.001

SpO2, %

95 ± 4

94 ± 7

0.47

PaO2, mm Hg

83 ± 26

80 ± 36

0.59

PaO2/FiO2, mm Hg

196 ± 76

175 ± 72

0.18

pH, units

7,42 ± 0,08

7,44 ± 0,09

0.38

PaCO2, mm Hg

47 ± 13

43 ± 15

0.09

Hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg), n/n total (%)

29/62 (47%)

17/61 (28%)

0.03

Treatment of respiratory failure

Use of curative non-invasive ventilation, n (%)

44 (61%)

40 (53%)

0.29

Duration of administered treatment, hours

57 [28–86]

5 [2–16]

 < 0.001

Duration of curative high-flow nasal oxygen hours

38 [16–72]

3 [1–10]

 < 0.001

Duration of curative NIV, hours

10 [0–27]

2 [0–7]

0.002

  1. P values indicated in bold were considered statistically significant (P < 0.05)
  2. Continuous variables are given in mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range, IQR 25th–75th percentiles] according to their distribution
  3. NIV = Non-invasive ventilation; SAPS = Simplified Acute Physiology Score
  4. Values are given as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range, 25th–75th percentiles]
  5. Weaning difficulty was defined as following: simple weaning included patients extubated after success of the initial spontaneous breathing trial, difficult weaning included patients who failed the initial spontaneous breathing trial and were extubated within the 7 following days, and prolonged weaning included patients extubated more than 7 days after the initial spontaneous breathing trial