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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for all patients and those who met and did not meet the primary endpoint of persistent severe AKI

From: External validation of urinary C–C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) for prediction of persistent acute kidney injury

 

All patients

No persistent severe AKI

Persistent severe AKI

p valuec

Patients

195

167

28

 

Male

113 (58%)

95 (57%)

18 (64%)

0.538

Agea (years)

66 (56–75)

66 (56–75)

68.5 (58–76)

0.592

Race

 White or Caucasian

148 (76%)

126 (75%)

22 (79%)

 

 Black or African American

25 (13%)

23 (14%)

2 (7%)

 

 Other/unknown

22 (11%)

18 (11%)

4 (14%)

0.607

Chronic comorbidities

 Chronic kidney disease

21 (11%)

12 (7%)

9 (32%)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

77 (39%)

59 (35%)

18 (64%)

0.006

 Heart failure

43 (22%)

37 (22%)

6 (21%)

1.000

 Coronary artery disease

70 (36%)

55 (33%)

15 (54%)

0.054

 Hypertension

141 (72%)

118 (71%)

23 (82%)

0.258

 COPD

47 (24%)

42 (25%)

5 (18%)

0.482

 Cancer

54 (28%)

48 (29%)

6 (21%)

0.500

Reason for ICU admission

 Respiratory

90 (46%)

76 (46%)

14 (50%)

0.687

 Surgery

67 (34%)

58 (35%)

9 (32%)

0.834

 Cardiovascular

67 (34%)

54 (32%)

13 (46%)

0.196

 Sepsis

42 (22%)

36 (22%)

6 (21%)

1.000

 Neurological

18 (9%)

18 (11%)

0 (0%)

0.081

 Trauma

7 (4%)

6 (4%)

1 (4%)

1.000

 Other

30 (15%)

24 (14%)

6 (21%)

0.394

Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

1.2 (0.8–2.2)

0.006

Maximum KDIGO stage before sample collection

 Stage 2

172 (88%)

160 (96%)

12 (43%)

 

 Stage 3

23 (12%)

7 (4%)

16 (57%)

< 0.001

eGFR < 60 mL/min

88 (45%)

68 (42%)

20 (74%)

0.003

Diuretics

75 (38%)

63 (38%)

12 (43%)

0.676

Vasopressor

101 (52%)

80 (48%)

21 (75%)

0.008

Mechanical ventilation

164 (84%)

138 (83%)

26 (93%)

0.263

Fluid balance (mL)a

2044 (248–3362)

1879 (180–3154)

3226 (695–4554)

0.025

Non-renal APACHE III score

62 (43–86)

60 (42–85)

80 (58–104)

0.002

Time from ICU admission to enrollment (h)

14 (6–20)

14 (6–20)

14 (4–19)

0.711

Maximum serum creatinineb (mg/dL) between enrollment and time of first sample collection after onset of AKI Stage 2 or 3

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

1.2 (0.8–1.6)

2.4 (1.4–3.2)

< 0.001

Time between enrollment and first urinary CCL14 sample collection (h)

29 (15–60)

33 (15–60)

21 (0–34)

0.057

  1. aFluid balance was defined as the difference in total fluid intake minus output from the day prior to through the day of study enrollment
  2. bSpecifically, this is the greatest (maximum) of all serum creatinine concentrations (mg/dL) collected as standard of care between the time of study enrollment and the time of the first urine sample collection for CCL14 testing after the onset of AKI Stage 2 or 3. This is expressed as a median (interquartile range)
  3. cP values for age, baseline serum creatinine, non-renal APACHE III score, time from ICU admission to enrollment, serum creatinine at time of first sample collection after onset of AKI Stage 2 or 3, and fluid balance were computed by the Mann–Whitney U test. All others were computed by Fisher’s Exact Test. P values less than 0.05 are in bold
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Critical Care

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