Variable | Total (n = 259) | Survivors (n = 67) | Non-survivors (n = 192) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53 [45–60] | 54 [46–62] | 53 [43–59] | 0.19 |
Age ≤ 65 years | 221 (85) | 56 (84) | 165 (86) | 0.64 |
Male sex | 205 (79) | 50 (75) | 155 (81) | 0.29 |
Comorbidities | ||||
History of ischemic heart disease | 30 (12) | 9 (13) | 21 (11) | 0.58 |
Previous myocardial infarction | 28 (11) | 8 (12) | 20 (11) | 0.75 |
History of congestive heart disease | 19 (7) | 4 (6) | 15 (8) | 0.62 |
Hypertension | 65 (25) | 18 (27) | 47 (25) | 0.73 |
Type 2 diabetes | 26 (10) | 3 (5) | 23 (12) | 0.06 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 11 (4) | 4 (6) | 7 (4) | 0.31 |
Previous chronic kidney disease | 8 (3) | 2 (3) | 6 (3) | 0.65 |
Previous stroke | 10 (4) | 0 (0) | 10 (5) | 0.05 |
Cause of cardiac arrest | ||||
Acute myocardial infarction | 142 (55) | 42 (63) | 100 (52) | 0.13 |
Pulmonary embolism | 24 (9) | 8 (12) | 16 (8) | 0.26 |
Primary arrhythmia | 42 (16) | 10 (15) | 32 (17) | 0.85 |
Chronic heart disease | 5 (2) | 1 (2) | 4 (2) | 1.00 |
Cerebral | 6 (2) | 0 (0) | 6 (3) | 0.34 |
Toxic | 10 (4) | 3 (5) | 7 (4) | 0.72 |
Other | 20 (8) | 4 (6) | 16 (8) | 0.79 |
Unknown | 13 (4) | 0 (0) | 13 (5) | 0.02 |
Witnessed arrest | 223 (86) | 60 (90) | 163 (85) | 0.34 |
Bystander CPR | 246 (95) | 64 (96) | 182 (95) | 0.94 |
Transient ROSC | 48 (19) | 27 (40) | 21 (11) | < 0.001 |
Signs of life during CPR | 100 (39) | 45 (67) | 55 (29) | < 0.001 |
Initial presenting rhythm | ||||
Shockable (VT/VF) | 173 (67) | 55 (82) | 118 (62) | 0.002 |
PEA | 57 (22) | 10 (15) | 47 (25) | 0.10 |
Asystole | 28 (11) | 2 (3) | 26 (14) | 0.02 |
End-tidal CO2 | 3.6 [2.8–5.0] | 3.6 [2.9–5.0] | 3.5 [2.5–5.0] | 0.99 |
Mechanical compression (LUCAS) | 235 (91) | 61 (91) | 174 (91) | 0.97 |
No-flow (min) | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–1] | 0.77 |
Pre-hospital low-flow (min) | 72 [58–90] | 67 [46–90] | 75 [60–90] | 0.06 |
Total low-flow (min) | 105 [86–125] | 94 [73–120] | 107 [90–127] | 0.002 |