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Table 2 The basic characteristics of studies included in meta-analysis

From: Comparison of culture-negative and culture-positive sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Year

Country

Study period

All-cause mortality

Study design

No. of patients

Total

Culture negative

Culture positive

Phua et al. [16]

2013

Singapore

2004–2009

Hospital

Single-center, prospective cohort study

1001

415

586

Bast et al. [17]

2015

Germany

2009–2014

28-day

Single-center, retrospective cohort study

584

288

296

Easaw et al. [18]

2017

USA

Apr. 2016–Dec. 2016

All-cause

Single-center, retrospective cohort study

80

42

38

Kethireddy et al. [19]

2018

Canada, USA, Saudi Arabia

Jan. 1997–Dec. 2010

Hospital

Multicenter, retrospective cohort study

8670

2651

6019

Sigakis et al. [20]

2019

USA

Jan. 2007–May 2014

Hospital

Single-center, retrospective cohort study

10,393

9288

1105

Hazwani et al. [21]

2020

Saudi Arabia

Apr. 2015–Jan. 2018

All-cause

Single-center, retrospective cohort study

209

179

30

Kim et al. [22]

2021

Korea

Jan. 2014–Dec. 2018

90-day

Single-center, retrospective cohort study

1718

706

1012