Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients according to 28-day mortality
From: Dead space estimates may not be independently associated with 28-day mortality in COVID-19 ARDS
|  | All patients (n = 927) | Non-survivors (n = 266) | Survivors (n = 661) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 65.0 (57.0–72.0) | 70.0 (64.0–75.0) | 63.0 (55.0–70.0) |  < 0.001 |
Male gender—no (%) | 668 (72.1) | 206 (77.4) | 462 (69.9) | 0.023 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 (25.3–30.8) | 27.7 (25.2–29.8) | 27.8 (25.4–30.9) | 0.227 |
Severity of ARDS—no (%) |  |  |  | 0.020 |
 Mild | 186/921 (20.2) | 45 (17.0) | 141 (21.5) |  |
 Moderate | 638/921 (69.3) | 180 (68.2) | 458 (69.7) |  |
 Severe | 97/921 (10.5) | 39 (14.8) | 58 (8.8) |  |
Co-existing disorders—no (%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 317 (34.2) | 112 (42.1) | 205 (31.0) | 0.002 |
 Heart failure | 39 (4.2) | 16 (6.0) | 23 (3.5) | 0.102 |
 Diabetes | 207 (22.3) | 78 (29.3) | 129 (19.5) | 0.002 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 41 (4.4) | 16 (6.0) | 25 (3.8) | 0.157 |
 Baseline creatinine, µmol/L* | 76.0 (62.0–97.0) | 84.0 (65.0–112.0) | 74.0 (61.0–92.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Liver cirrhosis | 3 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.5) | 0.562 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 76 (8.2) | 32 (12.0) | 44 (6.7) | 0.011 |
 Active hematological neoplasia | 15 (1.6) | 6 (2.3) | 9 (1.4) | 0.388 |
 Active solid neoplasia | 23 (2.5) | 9 (3.4) | 14 (2.1) | 0.253 |
Neuromuscular disease | 8 (0.9) | 3 (1.1) | 5 (0.8) | 0.696 |
 Immunosuppression | 24 (2.6) | 7 (2.6) | 17 (2.6) | 0.999 |
Previous medication—no (%) | ||||
 Systemic steroids | 35 (3.8) | 17 (6.4) | 18 (2.7) | 0.012 |
 Inhalation steroids | 108 (11.7) | 40 (15.0) | 68 (10.3) | 0.054 |
 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | 160 (17.3) | 55 (20.7) | 105 (15.9) | 0.084 |
 Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 101 (10.9) | 35 (13.2) | 66 (10.0) | 0.164 |
Vital signs | ||||
 Heart rate, bpm | 84.3 (73.7–97.0) | 85.0 (74.5–100.3) | 84.0 (73.5–96.0) | 0.092 |
 Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 80.3 (73.7–88.0) | 80.0 (73.0–86.0) | 80.5 (74.8–88.3) | 0.061 |
Organ support—no (%) | ||||
 Continuous sedation | 892 (96.4) | 252 (95.1) | 640 (97.0) | 0.173 |
 Inotropic or vasopressor | 733 (79.2) | 216 (81.5) | 517 (78.3) | 0.324 |
 Vasopressor | 732 (79.1) | 216 (81.5) | 516 (78.2) | 0.283 |
 Inotropic | 41 (4.4) | 17 (6.4) | 24 (3.6) | 0.077 |
 Fluid balance, mL | 631.5 (50.0–1428.2) | 753.6 (100.0–1482.0) | 593.0 (34.0–1390.0) | 0.143 |
 Urine output, mL | 702.5 (370.0–1143.8) | 570.0 (280.0–1075.0) | 725.0 (415.0–1165.0) | 0.001 |