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Fig. 1 | Critical Care

Fig. 1

From: Bedside voluntary and evoked forces evaluation in intensive care unit patients: a narrative review

Fig. 1

Overview of the different methods and tools used to diagnose intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and to quantify voluntary (with HG strength < 7 kg for females and < 11 kg for males) and evoked force in sedated and awake/cooperative ICU patients. ES: electrical stimulation; HG: Handgrip dynamometer; HHD: Handheld dynamometer; MRC: Medical Research Council; MS: magnetic stimulation; MVC: maximal voluntary contraction force; Tw: twitch; VA: voluntary activation (index of neural drive). All the data are derived from references reported in Tables 3 and 4 and are expressed as a percentage of values recorded in healthy subjects (i.e. control/predictive)

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