Table 4 Frequency (%) of behavioral items and descriptive statistics of CPOT-Neuro scores during the second data set
Items | Procedures | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turning | Other nociceptive procedures | Opioid administration | Non-invasive blood pressure | Soft touch | ||||||
Pre (n = 81) | During (n = 81) | Pre (n = 27) | During (n = 27) | Pre (n = 11) | Post (n = 11) | Pre (n = 38) | During (n = 38) | Pre (n = 46) | During (n = 46) | |
Facial expression | ||||||||||
 Relaxed | 68 (84) | 32 (40) | 21 (78) | 9 (33) | 8 (73) | 9 (82) | 30 (79) | 27 (71) | 36 (78) | 34 (74) |
 Brow lowering | 12 (15) | 20 (25) | 5 (19) | 6 (13) | 2 (18) | 2 (18) | 6 (16) | 3 (8) | 6 (13) | 8 (17) |
 Upper face or Grimacing | 1 (1) | 29 (35) | 1 (4) | 12 (44) | 1 (9) | – | 2 (5) | 8 (11) | 4 (9) | 4 (9) |
Autonomic responses (tearing, face flushing) | ||||||||||
 Absence | 77 (95) | 60 (74) | 26 (96) | 20 (74) | 10 (91) | 11 (100) | 37 (97) | 37 (97) | 45 (98) | 46 (100) |
 Presence | 4 (5) | 21 (26) | 1 (4) | 7 (16) | 1 (9) | – | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | − |
Body movements | ||||||||||
 Absence of movements | 66 (81) | 37 (46) | 22 (81) | 15 (56) | 6 (55) | 10 (91) | 29 (76) | 25 (66) | 33 (72) | 33 (72) |
 Non-purposeful movements | 9 (11) | 26 (32) | 3 (11) | 7 (16) | 2 (18) | – | 6 (16) | 8 (11) | 9 (19) | 9 (19) |
 Purposeful movements | 6 (8) | 18 (12) | 2 (8) | 5 (18) | 3 (17) | 1 (9) | 3 (8) | 5 (13) | 4 (9) | 4 (9) |
Muscle tension | ||||||||||
 Relaxed | 71 (88) | 57 (70) | 24 (89) | 19 (70) | 9 (82) | 11 (100) | 34 (89) | 32 (84) | 39 (85) | 43 (93) |
 Tense | 10 (12) | 24 (30) | 3 (11) | 8 (30) | 2 (18) | − | 4 (11) | 6 (16) | 7 (15) | 3 (7) |
Mechanically ventilated | ||||||||||
Compliance with ventilator | ||||||||||
 Tolerating ventilator | 41 (51) | 22 (27) | 17 (63) | 13 (48) | 5 (45) | 6 (55) | 22 (58) | 23 (61) | 27 (59) | 25 (54) |
 Activating alarms | – | 17 (21) | – | 4 (15) | – | – | 1 (3) | – | – | 1 (2) |
 Fighting ventilator | – | 3 (4) | – | – | 1 (9) | – | – | – | – | – |
Not mechanically ventilated | ||||||||||
Vocalization | ||||||||||
 Normal tone/no sound | 38 (47) | 25 (31) | 9 (33) | 5 (19) | 4 (36) | 4 (36) | 14 (37) | 13 (34) | 18 (39) | 16 (35) |
 Sighing/moaning | 1 (1) | 6 (7) | – | 3 (11) | – | – | – | 1 (3) | – | 1 (2) |
 Verbal complaints | – | 7 (9) | – | 1 (4) | – | – | – | – | – | 2 (4) |
 Tracheostomya | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
CPOT-Neuro scores | ||||||||||
 Median | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
 Range | 0–4 | 0–8 | 0–4 | 0–7 | 0–8 | 0–2 | 0–4 | 0–7 | 0–4 | 0–6 |
 IQR | 0–1 | 1–4 | 0−1 | 2−3 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–1.25 |
 Mean (SD) | 0.61 (1.04) | 2.81 (1.91) | 0.67 (1.11) | 2.63 (1.62) | 1.55 (2.29) | 0.36 (0.67) | 0.74 (1.11) | 1.18 (1.47) | 0.85 (1.26) | 0.91 (1.94) |