Table 3 Frequency (%) of behavioral items and descriptive statistics of CPOT-Neuro scores during the first data set
Items | Procedures | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turning | Other nociceptive procedures | Opioid administration | Non-invasive blood pressure | Soft touch | ||||||
Pre (n = 211) | During (n = 211) | Pre (n = 117) | During (n = 118) | Pre (n = 35) | Post (n = 35) | Pre (n = 205) | During (n = 206) | Pre (n = 219) | During (n = 219) | |
Facial expression | ||||||||||
 Relaxed | 183 (87) | 80 (38) | 101 (86) | 41 (35) | 25 (71) | 32 (91) | 177 (86) | 164 (80) | 184 (84) | 186 (85) |
 Brow lowering | 16 (8) | 52 (25) | 10 (9) | 19 (16) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) | 16 (8) | 27 (13) | 22 (10) | 23 (11) |
 Upper face or Grimacing | 12 (6) | 79 (37) | 6 (5) | 58 (49) | 9 (26) | 1 (3) | 12 (6) | 15 (7) | 13 (6) | 10 (4) |
Autonomic responses (tearing, face flushing) | ||||||||||
 Absence | 199 (94) | 155 (73) | 113 (97) | 88 (75) | 32 (91) | 34 (97) | 201 (98) | 201 (98) | 212 (97) | 213 (97) |
 Presence | 12 (6) | 56 (27) | 4 (3) | 30 (25) | 3 (9) | 1 (3) | 4 (2) | 5 (2) | 7 (3) | 6 (3) |
Body movements | ||||||||||
 Absence of movements | 168 (80) | 106 (50) | 96 (82) | 48 (41) | 17 (49) | 25 (71) | 172 (84) | 163 (79) | 179 (82) | 174 (79) |
 Non-purposeful movements | 29 (14) | 64 (30) | 17 (15) | 40 (34) | 12 (34) | 6 (17) | 24 (12) | 29 (14) | 25 (11) | 33 (15) |
 Purposeful movements | 14 (6) | 41 (20) | 4 (3) | 30 (25) | 6 (17) | 4 (12) | 9 (4) | 14 (7) | 15 (7) | 12 (6) |
Muscle tension | ||||||||||
 Relaxed | 189 (90) | 144 (68) | 105 (90) | 80 (68) | 22 (63) | 32 (91) | 191 (93) | 186 (90) | 201 (92) | 201 (92) |
 Tense | 22 (10) | 67 (32) | 12 (10) | 38 (32) | 13 (37) | 3 (9) | 14 (7) | 20 (10) | 18 (8) | 18 (8) |
Mechanically ventilated | ||||||||||
Compliance with ventilator | ||||||||||
 Tolerating ventilator | 94 (45) | 50 (24) | 60 (51) | 38 (32) | 17 (49) | 22 (63) | 87 (42) | 85 (41) | 96 (44) | 99 (45) |
 Activating alarms | 2 (1) | 43 (20) | – | 18 (15) | 5 (14) | – | − | 2 (1) | – | − |
 Fighting ventilator | – | 3 (1) | – | 3 (3) | – |  | – | – | – | – |
Not mechanically ventilated | ||||||||||
Vocalization | ||||||||||
 Normal tone/no sound | 109 (52) | 74 (35) | 52 (44) | 33 (30) | 8 (23) | 10 (29) | 111 (54) | 109 (53) | 116 (53) | 115 (53) |
 Sighing/moaning | 5 (2) | 20 (9) | 3 (3) | 15 (13) | 3 (9) | 3 (9) | 5 (2) | 6 (3) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) |
 Verbal complaints | 1 (0.5) | 21 (10) | 2 (2) | 11 (9) | 2 (6) | – | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 3 (1) | 1 (0.5) |
CPOT-Neuro scores | ||||||||||
 Median | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Range | 0–6 | 0–8 | 0–6 | 0–8 | 0–7 | 0–3 | 0–6 | 0–5 | 0–7 | 0–6 |
 IQR | 0–1 | 1–4 | 0–1 | 1–5 | 0–4 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 |
 Mean | 0.66 | 2.79 | 0.59 | 3.08 | 2.03 | 0.71 | 0.53 | 0.75 | 0.63 | 0.59 |
 SD | 1.11 | 1.98 | 1.15 | 2.05 | 2.28 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.07 |