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Table 1 Patients' characteristics at admission in ICU and outcome

From: Prone position in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a multi-centric study of more than 1000 patients

Variables

Overall (n = 1057)

Non-proned (n = 409, 39%)

Proned (n = 648, 61%)

p value

Males, no. (%)

831 (79)

317 (78)

514 (79)

0.483

Age (years)

63 (55–69)

63 (55–69)

63 (55–69)

0.773

BMI (kg/m2)

28 (25–31)

27 (25–31)

28 (25–31)

0.023

SOFA score

4 (3–5)

4 (3–4)

4 (3–5)

 < 0.001

APACHE II score

10 (7–13)

9 (7–13)

10 (8–13)

0.013

Intubated, no. (%)a

892 (84)

351 (86)

541 (84)

0.309

Respiratory Rate (breaths/min)b

20 (18–25)

20 (16–24)

20 (18–25)

 < 0.001

FiO2 (%)b

70 (60–90)

60 (50–80)

80 (60–90)

 < 0.001

PEEP (cmH2O)b

12 (10–14)

12 (10–14)

12 (10–14)

 < 0.001

PaO2/FIO2 ratiob

120 (88–173)

145 (107–197)

108 (81–148)

 < 0.001

ARDS severity, no. (%)b

 Mild

128 (15)

76 (23)

52 (10)

 < 0.001

 Moderate

426 (50)

183 (56)

243 (46)

 Severe

298 (35)

69 (21)

229 (44)

Tidal volume/PBW (mL/kg)b

7.0 (6.3–7.8)

7.1 (6.3–7.9)

7.0 (6.2–7.8)

0.140

Plateau pressure (cmH2O)b

24 (22–27)

24 (21–26)

25 (22–28)

 < 0.001

Driving pressure (cmH2O)b

12 (9–14)

12 (9–13)

12 (9–14)

0.120

Respiratory system compliance (mL/cmH2O)b

40 (33–50)

42 (35–50)

38 (32–50)

0.035

pH

7.39 (7.32–7.46)

7.40 (7.33–7.46)

7.39 (7.31–7.45)

0.220

PaO2 (mmHg)

80 (67–101)

86 (70–108)

77 (65–97)

 < 0.001

PaCO2 (mmHg)

43 (36–52)

43 (37–51)

43 (36–53)

0.710

Ventilatory ratiob

1.7 (1.4–2.2)

1.7 (1.3–2.1)

1.8 (1.4–2.2)

0.061

LDH (units/L)

479 (359–640)

424 (324–593)

507 (392–667)

 < 0.001

D-dimer (ng/mL)

1492 (608–4602)

1190 (520–3470)

1730 (690–6576)

0.001

Ferritine (ng/mL)

1408 (811–2399)

1214 (668–1903)

1552 (1031–2491)

0.003

ICU mortality, no. (%)

374 (36)

112 (28)

262 (41)

 < 0.001

Hospital mortality, no. (%)

405 (41)

127 (33)

278 (45)

 < 0.001

ICU LOS (days)

15 (9–25)

12 (7–21)

16 (11–28)

 < 0.001

Hospital LOS (days)

29 (17–46)

26 (16–40)

30 (17–49)

0.008

Mechanical ventilation (days)

14 (8–26)

10 (6–19)

16 (10–30)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are expressed either as median [interquartile range] or as frequency (percentage)
  2. BMI = Body Mass Index; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II = Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II; FiO2 = Inspired fraction of oxygen; PEEP = Positive End-Expiratory Pressure; PBW: Predicted Body Weight; PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LOS = Length of stay
  3. aPatients intubated same day of ICU admission
  4. bValues refer to patients intubated on the same day of ICU admission