Fig. 2

Proof-of-concept in vitro experiments that mimic coagulation on perivascular, intravascular, and artificial surfaces. a Thrombin generation on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, or polystyrene microplates was monitored for 30 min using a synthetic fluorogenic substrate for thrombin (SN-20) with normal human plasma and CaCl₂. Thrombin was barely generated on the surface of ECs, rapidly generated on the surface of fibroblasts, and generated after a lag period of about 10 min on the surface of polystyrene microplates. b Thrombin generation on the surface of polystyrene microplates was monitored for 30 min either in the presence or absence of corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), an inhibitor of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Thrombin generation was completely inhibited by CTI. c Thrombin generation on the surface of ECs, either untreated or pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or histone H3/H4 for 5 h, was monitored for up to 30 min. Thrombin was generated on the surface of ECs stimulated with LPS or histone H3/H4. d Thrombin generation on the surface of fibroblasts or polystyrene microplates was monitored for 30 min, either in the presence or absence of anti-TF antibodies. Thrombin generation on the surface of fibroblasts was completely inhibited by anti-TF antibodies. Detailed methods and results are provided in Additional files 1 and 3