Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies in the current systemic review and meta-analysis
Study/year | Study design | Patient characteristics | Study regimen | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Age (years) | Male N% | BMI (kg/m2) | APACHE II | Population | Intervention | Nutrition therapy | Study period | |||
IC/PE | IC/PE | IC/PE | IC/PE | IC/PE | IC | PE | |||||
Singer 2011 [7] | RC, SC | 65/65 | 59/62 | 35/41 | 28/27 | 22/22 | Ventilated patients, excepted to stay in ICU > 3 days | Measured every 2 days | 25 kcal/kg/day | Aim of reaching energy goal within 24 h of inclusion (EN + PN) | Two weeks |
Landes 2016 [22] | RC, SB, SC | 15/12 | 72/74 | 60/83 | 25/26 | 35/39 | Ventilated patients | Weekly test for 3 weeks | H–B formula or 25 kcal/kg/day | EN was guided by 110% IC in IC group and physician estimates in control group | Three weeks |
Allingstrup 2017 [20] | RC, SB, SC | 100/99 | 63/68 | 65/60 | 22/22 | NR | Ventilated patients, excepted to stay in ICU > 3 days | Every other day | 25 kcal/kg/day | IC: Aim to meet 100% EE in first 24 h (EN ± PN). Control: Increase in EN, supplemental PN if EE not met by Day 7 | ICU discharge or Day 90 |
Gonzalez-Granda 2018 [21] | RC, SC | 20/20 | 57/56 | 65/55 | 28/25 | 29/29 | Ventilated patients, excepted to stay in ICU > 2 days | Weekly test | 25 kcal/kg/day | Fed preferentially by EN, supplemental, or sole PN as required. Gradual increase in feeds from Day 1 to Day 4 | Until ICU discharge |
Shi 2019 [13] | RC, SC | 30/30 | 81/80 | 67/80 | NR | 22/20 | Ventilated patients, excepted to stay in ICU > 1 week | Measured at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 day | H–B formula | Aim of reaching EE, PN was 1/3 of the total, and EN was 2/3 | Day 11 |
Zhao 2019 [15] | RC, SC | 29/29 | 44/45 | 76/76 | NR | 19/18 | Ventilated patients, excepted to stay in ICU > 1 week | Everyday | H–B formula | Fed preferentially by EN, supplemental or sole PN as required | One week |
Singer 2020 [14] | RC, MC | 209/208 | 59/61 | 44/53 | 28/28 | 22/22 | Ventilated patients, excepted to stay in ICU > 2 days | Everyday | 25 kcal/kg/day | Fed preferentially by EN, supplemental PN as required | Two weeks |
Yang 2016 [23] | RC, SC | 30/30 | 56/58 | 60/67 | NR | 14/14 | Ventilated patients with sepsis | Measured at 0, 3, 7, and 14 day | H–B formula | Aim of reaching EE within 24 h, at 0, 3, 7, and 14 day (EN, PN, or EN + PN) | Two weeks |