Helmet CPAP to treat hypoxic pneumonia outside the ICU: an observational study during the COVID-19 outbreak

Table 3 Respiratory parameters collected shortly after start of helmet CPAP in success vs failures

	All patients helmet CPAP N = 306	Successful helmet CPAP treatment N = 159	Helmet CPAP failure N = 147	P value
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, mmHg	202 [146–284]	252 [186–316]	166 [114–243]	< 0.001*
PaCO₂, mmHg	33 [30.5–36]	33.2 [31–36.2]	32.5 [30–35.2]	0.091
Resp rate, BPM	24 [20–29]	22 [19–25]	28 [20–32]	0.007*
PEEP, cm H₂O	5 [5–10]	5 [5–8]	5 [5–10]	0.010*
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio increase with CPAP, mmHg	83 [28–154]	96 [45–176]	53 [18–115]	< 0.001*
ARDS diagnosis, n (%)	178 (71)	78 (62)	100 (79)	0.006*

Univariate analysis of the association of respiratory parameters collected shortly after CPAP start with CPAP failure during hospital stay
BPM: breaths per minute; PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome. Asterisks (*) indicates statistically significant differences after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.009)

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