Table 2 The characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with and without ventilator-associated events

Age, median (IQR)

55.00 (46.00, 65.00)

59.00 (46.00, 70.00)

57.50 (46.00, 69.00)

57.00 (46.00, 69.00)

59.00 (46.00, 70.25)

 18–44

4251 (22.4)

950 (21.2)

399 (22.4)

163 (22.9)

40 (21.7)

 45–64

9466 (49.9)

1814 (40.6)

726 (40.8)

285 (40.0)

74 (40.2)

 65–74

3470 (18.3)

924 (20.7)

367 (20.6)

164 (23.0)

43 (23.4)

  ≥ 75

1801 (9.5)

784 (17.5)

288 (16.2)

100 (14.0)

27 (14.7)

Female, n (%)

7986 (42.1)

1666 (37.3)

639 (35.9)

243 (34.1)

53 (28.8)

Type of ICU, n (%)

 GICU

4235 (22.3)

1464 (32.7)

640 (36)

253 (35.5)

82 (44.6)

 NICU

1813 (9.5)

841 (18.8)

365 (20.5)

173 (24.3)

41 (22.3)

 RICU

1193 (6.3)

850 (19)

196 (11)

80 (11.2)

22 (12)

 SICU

4540 (23.9)

743 (16.6)

484 (27.2)

164 (23)

15 (8.2)

 TICU

7335 (38.6)

613 (13.7)

141 (7.9)

70 (9.8)

36 (19.6)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

3849 (20.3)

982 (22.0)

364 (20.4)

145 (20.4)

33 (17.9)

 Diabetes

992 (5.2)

263 (5.9)

78 (4.4)

37 (5.2)

7 (3.8)

 Ischemic heart diseases

190 (1.0)

28 (0.6)

12 (0.7)

7 (1.0)

6 (3.3)

 Chronic lung diseases

509 (2.7)

272 (6.1)

89 (5.0)

30 (4.2)

11 (6.0)

 Pulmonary vasculature diseases

847 (4.5)

276 (6.2)

87 (4.9)

31 (4.4)

14 (7.6)

 Cancer

3522 (18.5)

385 (8.6)

137 (7.7)

48 (6.7)

14 (7.6)

 Heart failure

4250 (22.4)

475 (10.6)

140 (7.9)

60 (8.4)

20 (10.9)

 Liver failure

137 (0.7)

81 (1.8)

49 (2.8)

22 (3.1)

3 (1.6)

 Kidney failure

485 (2.6)

320 (7.2)

162 (9.1)

60 (8.4)

20 (10.9)

 ARDS at ICU admission

118 (0.6)

94 (2.1)

34 (1.9)

14 (2)

3 (1.6)

 Shock at ICU admission

720 (3.8)

337 (7.5)

143 (8)

48 (6.7)

11 (6)

 Gastrointestinal bleeding at ICU admission

254 (1.3)

134 (3)

43 (2.4)

17 (2.4)

5 (2.7)

 Pneumonia at ICU admission

1506 (7.9)

808 (18.1)

343 (19.3)

144 (20.2)

28 (15.2)

Operations, n (%)

 Cardiac surgery

6709 (35.3)

588 (13.1)

141 (7.9)

70 (9.8)

35 (19.0)

 Cranial surgery

2730 (14.4)

496 (11.1)

206 (11.6)

76 (10.7)

27 (14.7)

APACHEII scores, median (IQR)

16 (10,20)

20 (15,25)

20 (15,25)

20 (15,24)

19 (16,24)

Intubation sites

 Operating rooms

14,485 (76.3)

1490 (33.3)

617 (34.7)

234 (32.9)

52 (28.3)

 Other hospitals

2033 (10.7)

1005 (22.5)

437 (24.6)

189 (26.5)

48 (26.1)

 Emergency rooms

1473 (7.8)

1118 (25.0)

398 (22.4)

160 (22.5)

51 (27.7)

 Intensive care units

772 (4.1)

492 (11.0)

184 (10.3)

66 (9.3)

12 (6.5)

Tracheostomy

1008 (5.3)

945 (21.1)

687 (38.6)

303 (42.6)

89 (48.4)

Days from the start of ventilation to the onset of the first event onset, median (IQR)

–

–

5 (3, 8)

5 (3, 9)

6 (4, 13)

Outcomes

 Hospital length of stay, median (IQR)

16.00 (12.00, 23.00)

22.00 (15.00, 34.00)

28.00 (17.00, 43.00)

30.00 (19.00, 44.00)

30.00 (21.00, 46.00)

 ICU length of stay, median (IQR)

4.00 (3.00, 7.00)

13.00 (8.00, 21.00)

20.00 (12.00, 32.00)

21.00 (14.00, 33.00)

23.00 (15.00, 35.00)

 Ventilation days, median (IQR)

2.00 (2.00, 3.00)

8.00 (5.00, 13.00)

14.00 (8.00, 22.00)

15.00 (10.00, 25.00)

20.00 (11.00, 31.00)

 Hospital mortality, n (%)

1078 (5.7)

614 (13.7)

368 (20.7)

142 (19.9)

41 (22.3)

 30-day Hospital mortality, n (%)

930 (4.9)

487 (10.9)

262 (14.7)

102 (14.3)

27 (14.7)

 ICU mortality, n (%)

1005 (5.3)

568 (12.7)

343 (19.3)

129 (18.1)

37 (20.1)

 30-day ICU mortality, n (%)

993 (5.2)

534 (11.9)

294 (16.5)

113 (15.9)

30 (16.3)

 Hospital costs (USD), median (IQR)

11,840.08 (8,251.7, 17,683.14)

18,298.15 (11,263.84, 28,008.99)

25,073.64 (16,050.61, 38,714.54)

27,978.15 (18,653.85, 43,094.25)

33,310.74 (20,275.29, 48,288.4)