Table 1 Characteristics of study subpopulation with no treatment limitations at ICU discharge according to vital status at hospital discharge.
From: Death in hospital following ICU discharge: insights from the LUNG SAFE study
Alive N = 2186 | Dead N = 142 | Total N = 2328 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 1363 (62.35) | 93 (65.49) | 1,456 (62.49) | 0.4536 |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 60.03 ± 16.34 | 68.70 ± 15.71 | 60.56 ± 16.43 | < .0001 |
Geographic area | 0.2086 | |||
European high income countries | 1207 (55.22) | 88 (61.97) | 1295 (55.63) | |
Non-European high income countries | 655 (29.96) | 33 (23.24) | 688 (29.55) | |
Middle income countries | 324 (14.82) | 21 (14.79) | 345 (14.82) | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.92 ± 7.72 | 26.57 ± 6.03 | 27.84 ± 7.63 | 0.1389 |
Length of ICU stay (days) from AHRF onset, median [IQR] | 8.00 [5.00–16.00] | 10.00 [6.00–16.00] | 9.00 [5.00–16.00] | 0.1162 |
Length of ICU stay > 28 days from AHRF onset, n (%) | 226 (10.34) | 8 (5.63) | 234 (10.05) | 0.0708 |
Length of ICU stay (days) from admission, median [IQR] | 10.00 [5.00–18.00] | 10.50 [7.00–18.00] | 10.00 [6.00–18.00] | 0.0984 |
ARDS during ICU stay, n (%) | 1414 (64.68) | 93 (65.49) | 1507 (64.73) | 0.8451 |
Clinical recognition of ARDS during ICU stay, n (%) | 925 (42.31) | 61 (42.96) | 986 (42.35) | 0.8806 |
Chronic diseasea, n (%) | ||||
COPD | 492 (22.51) | 43 (30.28) | 535 (22.98) | 0.0328 |
Diabetes mellitus | 501 (22.92) | 36 (25.35) | 537 (23.07) | 0.5047 |
Immune-incompetence (all-types) | 344 (15.74) | 40 (28.17) | 384 (16.49) | 0.0001 |
Chronic cardiac failure | 241 (11.02) | 19 (13.38) | 260 (11.17) | 0.3878 |
Chronic renal failure | 229 (10.48) | 23 (16.10) | 252 (10.82) | 0.0335 |
Chronic liver failure | 42 (1.92) | 5 (3.52) | 47 (2.02) | 0.2054 |
Risk factors for ARDS, n (%) | 0.3586 | |||
None | 373 (17.06) | 22 (15.49) | 385 (16.97) | |
Only non-pulmonary | 448 (20.49) | 36 (25.35) | 484 (20.79) | |
Only pulmonary | 1110 (50.32) | 72 (50.70) | 1172 (50.34) | |
Both | 265 (12.12) | 12 (8.45) | 277 (11.90) | |
Risk factors for ARDSa, n (%) | ||||
Pneumonia | 1089 (49.82) | 78 (54.93) | 1167 (50.13) | 0.2377 |
Extra-pulmonary sepsis | 301 (13.77) | 16 (18.31) | 327 (14.05) | 0.1313 |
Aspiration of gastric contents | 289 (13.22) | 13 (9.15) | 302 (12.97) | 0.1624 |
Pancreatitis | 30 (1.78) | 4 (2.82) | 43 (1.85) | 0.3304 |
Trauma or pulmonary contusion | 152 (6.95) | 2 (1.41) | 154 (6.62) | 0.0100 |
Inhalation | 37 (1.69) | 4 (2.82) | 41 (1.76) | 0.3120 |
Non cardiogenic shock | 124 (5.67) | 11 (7.75) | 135 (5.80) | 0.3055 |
Drowning | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | – |
Drug overdose | 55 (2.52) | 3 (2.11) | 58 (2.49) | 1.0000 |
Blood transfusion | 77 (3.52) | 6 (4.23) | 83 (3.57) | 0.6616 |
Other risk factors | 101 (4.62) | 5 (3.52) | 106 (4.55) | 0.5426 |
ICU characteristics | ||||
Academic hospital, n (%) | 1660 (78.01) | 106 (75.71) | 1766 (77.87) | 0.5267 |
% of ICU on hospital beds, median [IQR] | 2.60 [1.56–4.17] | 2.61 [1.56–4.35] | 2.60 [1.56–4.22] | 0.7886 |
Beds per physician, median [IQR] | 4.83 [2.67–10.00] | 4.67 [2.67–9.00] | 4.83 [2.67–10.00] | 0.4145 |
Beds per nurse, median [IQR] | 1.50 [1.00–2.00] | 1.31 [1.00–2.00] | 1.50 [1.00–2.00] | 0.0511 |