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Table 2 Prognostic factors, anticoagulant medication, and outcomes

From: Incidence, prognostic factors, and outcomes of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients: data from two prospective cohort studies

  No VTE PE-LDVT NLDVT
n = 2081 n = 47 n = 38
Prognostic factors at ICU admission    
 Active cancer, n (%) 317 (15.2%) 10 (21.3%) 10 (26.3%)
 Acute infection, n (%) 397 (19.1%) 15 (31.9%) 14 (36.8%)
 Acute renal failure stage, n (%)a    
  AKI 1 329 (15.8%) 3 (6.4%) 10 (26.3%)
  AKI 2 238 (11.4%) 6 (12.8%) 4 (10.5%)
  AKI 3b 229 (11%) 11 (23.4%) 9 (23.7%)
  Renal replacement therapy 74 (3.6%) 6 (12.8%) 5 (13.2%)
 Age in years, mean (SD) 61.4 (15.1) 59.4 (13.4) 58.9 (15)
 BMI, mean (SD) 26.6 (5.4) 25.8 (4.5) 27.7 (5.2)
 Cardiovascular failure, n (%) 426 (20.5%) 6 (12.8%) 5 (13.2%)
 Central venous access, n (%) 1327 (63.8%) 38 (80.9%) 35 (92.1%)
 Estrogen therapy, n (%) 20 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
 Limb paralysis, n (%) 169 (8.1%) 1 (2.1%) 1 (2.6%)
 Major surgery, n (%) 789 (37.9%) 23 (48.9%) 17 (44.7%)
 Mechanical ventilation, n (%) 1448 (69.6%) 36 (76.6%) 32 (84.2%)
 Multiple trauma, n (%) 193 (9.3%) 5 (10.6%) 0 (0%)
 History of VTE, n (%) 167 (8%) 10 (21.3%) 1 (2.6%)
 Respiratory failure, n (%) 429 (20.6%) 17 (36.2%) 9 (23.7%)
 Sex, male, n (%) 1301 (62.5%) 28 (59.6%) 28 (73.7%)
 Stroke, n (%) 176 (8.5%) 1 (2.1%) 0 (0%)
 Thrombophilic disorder, n (%) 15 (0.7%) 1 (2.1%) 0 (0%)
 Vasopressor use, n (%) 1086 (52.2%) 28 (59.6%) 23 (60.5%)
Anticoagulant medication at ICU admission    
 Antiplatelet medication, n (%) 591 (28.4%) 13 (27.7%) 5 (13.2%)
 Anticoagulant medication, n (%)a    
  None 380 (18.3%) 5 (10.6%) 3 (7.9%)
  Thrombosis prophylaxis 1227 (59%) 34 (72.3%) 30 (78.9%)
  Therapeutic anticoagulation/other 462 (22.2%) 8 (17%) 5 (13.2%)
Outcomes    
 ICU length of stay in days, median (IQR) 2.8 (1.6–5.7) 4.9 (2.3–15.6) 5.3 (2.6–15)
 Hospital length of stay in days, median (IQR)c 12 (6–22) 23 (14.2–45.5) 28 (15.2–59.8)
 In-hospital mortality, n (%) 453 (21.8%) 11 (23.4%) 7 (18.4%)
 90-day mortality, n (%) 564 (27.1%) 15 (31.9%) 7 (18.4%)
  1. BMI body mass index, ICU intensive care unit, n number, NLDVT nonleg deep vein thrombosis, PE-LDVT pulmonary embolism and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, VTE venous thromboembolism
  2. aPercentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding and/or missing data.
  3. bIncludes renal replacement therapy
  4. cStarting from date of ICU admittance
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