Skip to main content

Table 2 Comparison of outcomes by four different initial fluid resuscitation rate (ml/kg/min)

From: Effect of initial infusion rates of fluid resuscitation on outcomes in patients with septic shock: a historical cohort study

Variables

Fluid replacement rate; ml/kg/min

 

≥ 0.5, N = 256

0.25–0.49, N = 123

0.17–0.24, N = 88

< 0.17, N = 585

P value

Time to shock reversal; days

    

< .001‡

N

232

103

73

506

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

1.6 (0.9, 3.3)

1.4 (0.6, 3.2)

2.0 (0.9, 4.6)

2.4 (1.2, 5.1)

 

 Median survival

1.72 (1.52, 2.01)

1.87 (1.32, 2.62)

2.58 (2.02, 4.40)

2.80 (2.57, 3.26)

.004§

 Adjusted hazard ratioa

1.00 (ref)

0.96 (0.76, 1.21)

0.84 (0.65, 1.10)

0.78 (0.66, 0.91) **

.01¶

Lactate clearance; mg/dl

    

< .001‡

N

207

97

62

400

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

0.5 (− 0.1, 1.3)

0.4 (− 0.05, 1.2)

0.6 (− 0.04, 1.2)

0.2 (− 0.4, 0.8)

 

 Adjusted mean estimate c

0.00 (ref)

0.05 (− 0.27, 0.38)

0.13 (− 0.25, 0.52)

− 0.45 (− 0.68, − 0.23)***

< .001¶

MAP change in the first 3 h; mmHg

    

< .001 ‡

N

254

120

79

508

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

4.3 (− 3.0, 11.5)

4.0 (− 4.5, 11.5)

− 0.5 (− 10.5, 7.0)

0.5 (− 5.5, 7.0)

 

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

− 1.14 (− 4.25, 1.96)

− 3.55 (− 7.17, 0.07)

− 2.93 (− 5.10, − 0.75)**

.04¶

HR change in the first 3 h; bpm

    

.2‡

N

255

120

82

545

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

− 2.0 (− 7.5, 2.5)

− 2.3 (− 8.0, 4.3)

− 2.5 (− 9.5, 0.5)

− 1.5 (− 7.5, 3.5)

 

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

0.50 (− 2.06, 3.07)

− 1.41 (− 4.37, 1.54)

1.63 (− 0.15, 3.41)

.08¶

Fluid balance at T3; ml/kg

59 (45, 79)

44 (35, 60)

33 (31, 41)

7 (1, 15)

< .001‡

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

14.61 (10.63, 18.59)***

28.73 (24.23, 33.22)***

57.08 (54.34, 59.82)***

< .001¶

MICU fluid balance; ml/kg

76 (48, 136)

71 (40, 125)

66 (24, 146)

50 (16, 110)

< .001‡

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

− 10 (− 34, 14)

− 6 (− 33, 21)

13 (− 4, 29)

.1¶

Fluid infusion between T3 and MICU discharge; ml/kg

107 (50, 264)

124 (49, 223)

158 (62, 381)

168 (86, 345)

< .001‡

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

− 54 (− 102, − 5)*

37 (− 18, 91)

59 (27, 90)***

< .001¶

Duration between first vasopressor using and T0; hours

    

< .001‡

N

233

102

75

502

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

2.0 (0.5, 4.7)

2.3 (1.3, 3.9)

3.7 (1.4, 6.7)

7.0 (2.2, 17.7)

 

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

− 3.8 (− 12.5, 5.0)

− 2.0 (− 11.7, 7.8)

10.3 (4.6, 15.9)***

< .001¶

SOFA change (day 2–day 1)

    

< .001‡

N

240

114

80

561

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

− 3 (− 5, − 1)

−  2 (− 5, − 1)

− 2 (− 3.5, − 0.5)

− 2 (− 4, 0)

 

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

− 0.09 (− 0.71, 0.53)

0.85 (0.15, 1.55)*

0.94 (0.52, 1.36)***

< .001¶

Mechanical ventilation; N (%)

134 (52%)

68 (55%)

55 (63%)

383 (66%)

.002†

 Adjusted odds ratiob

1.00 (ref)

1.04 (0.63, 1.75)

1.56 (0.87, 2.83)

1.91 (1.34, 2.73)***

.001¶

Mechanical ventilation duration; days

    

.002‡

N

134

68

55

383

 

 Median (Q1, Q3)

3 (1, 7)

2 (1, 6)

5 (2, 9)

4 (2, 8)

 

 Adjusted mean estimatec

0.00 (ref)

− 14.95 (− 66.76, 36.87)

43.67 (− 11.93, 99.27)

45.07 (9.60, 80.54)*

.01¶

Discharge alive from MICU

238 (93%)

112 (91%)

81 (92%)

481 (82%)

< .001†

 Median survival; days

2.89 (2.64, 3.19)

3.09 (2.42, 3.86)

4.06 (3.12, 5.99)

4.90 (4.51, 5.67)

< .001§

 Adjusted hazard ratioa

1.00 (ref)

0.95 (0.75, 1.19)

0.74 (0.57, 0.95)*

0.58 (0.49, 0.68)***

< .001¶

Discharge alive from hospital

225 (88%)

93 (76%)

68 (77%)

415 (71%)

< .001†

 Median survival; days

10.09 (8.51, 11.80)

12.51 (9.77, 15.03)

16.81 (13.66, 21.01)

17.69 (15.45, 19.96)

< .001§

 Adjusted hazard ratioa

1.00 (ref)

0.84 (0.66, 1.08)

0.58 (0.44, 0.76)***

0.53 (0.45, 0.63)***

< .001¶

MICU mortality; N (%)

18 (7%)

11 (9%)

7 (8%)

104 (18%)

< .001†

 Adjusted odds ratiob

1.00 (ref)

1.34 (0.59, 3.03)

1.12 (0.44, 2.87)

3.40 (1.95, 5.93)***

< .001¶

Hospital mortality; N (%)

31 (12%)

30 (24%)

20 (23%)

170 (29%)

< .001†

 Adjusted odds ratiob

1.00 (ref)

2.53 (1.41, 4.52)**

2.23 (1.17, 4.27)*

3.51 (2.27, 5.44)***

< .001¶

28-day mortality; N (%)

41 (16%)

32 (26%)

21 (24%)

199 (34%)

< .001†

 Adjusted odds ratiob

1.00 (ref)

1.97 (1.12, 3.45)*

1.86 (0.99, 3.51)

3.19 (2.13, 4.78)***

< .001¶

  1. Numbers indicate N (%) and median (Q1, Q3) unless otherwise noted
  2. Unadjusted models contain just fluid resuscitation rate adjusted models are additionally adjusted for the effects of age, gender, white race, weight, CCI, APACHE III, and SOFA
  3. Compared to ≥ 0. 5 ml/kg/min group, *P value < 0.05, **P value < 0.01, ***P value < 0.001
  4. †Chi-square
  5. ‡Kruskal-Wallis
  6. §Log-rank test
  7. ¶Type 3 Wald test
  8. aAnalyzed using proportional hazards regression models
  9. bAnalyzed using logistic regression models
  10. cAnalyzed using linear regression models
Back to article page

Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535