Fig. 3

The cumulative proportion of shock reversal and survival analysis with different initial fluid resuscitation rates (≥ 0.25 ml/kg/min vs. < 0.25 ml/kg/min). The shade indicates the confidence interval. a The cumulative proportion of shock reversal. Using Cox-model (additionally adjusted for the effects of age, gender, white race, weight, CCI, APACHE III, and SOFA), patients with ≥ 0.25 ml/kg/min rate had higher proportion of shock reversal (HR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.06–1.41; P = .007), with shorter median time (IQR) to shock reversal [1.5 (1.4, 1.7) vs. 2.3 (2.1, 2.6) days] for patients with < 0.25 ml/kg/min rate. b Survival analysis. Using Cox-model (additionally adjusted for the effects of age, gender, white race, weight, CCI, APACHE III, and SOFA), patients with ≥ 0.25 ml/kg/min rate had higher proportion of surviving (HR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.60–0.85; P < .001) for patients with < 0.25 ml/kg/min rate