Table 2 Mixed model values listed as mean difference from the reference time. The reference time was set to 30 min after initiation of Impella CP support

Stroke work (mmHg × mL)

1175 (279, 2070)

p = 0.01

1974 (1111, 2838)

p < 0.0001

1086 (260, 1912)

p = 0.01

604 (− 116, 1324)

p = 0.1

Potential energy (mmHg × mL)

324 (− 1016, 1664)

p = 0.636

− 53 (− 1346, 1239)

p = 0.936

929 (− 306, 2165)

p = 0.140

2220 (1142, 3298)

p < 0.0001

PVA (mmHg × mL)

1506 (121, 2890)

p = 0.033

1928 (593, 3263)

p = 0.005

2023 (746, 3299)

p = 0.002

2824 (1711, 3938)

p < 0.0001

Heart rate (BPM)

15 (3, 28)

p = 0.016

29 (17, 41)

p < 0.0001

3 (−8, 15)

p = 0.554

32 (22, 42)

p < 0.0001

LV work 10³ × (mmHg × mL)/min

202.2 (28.3, 376.1)

p = 0.023

341.8 (174.1, 509.5)

p < 0.0001

186.3 (26, 346.6)

p = 0.023

437.8 (297.9, 577.6)

p < 0.0001

LVEDP (mmHg)

3 (− 0.5, 7)

p = 0.086

0 (− 3.4, 3.8)

p = 0.903

1 (−2.4, 4.4)

p = 0.571

6 (2.6, 8.5)

p < 0.0001

LVEDV (mL)

− 8 (− 30, 15)

p = 0.510

− 15 (− 37, 7)

p = 0.175

0 (− 21, 21)

p = 0.978

18 (0.2, 37)

p = 0.047

LVESP (mmHg)

23 (7.1, 39.6)

p = 0.005

29 (13.6, 44.8)

p < 0.0001

28 (12.7, 42.6)

p < 0.0001

34 (21.3, 47.4)

p < 0.0001

LVESV (mL)

− 23 (− 48, 2)

p = 0.074

− 36 (− 60, − 12)

p = 0.003

−10 (− 33, 12)

p = 0.371

14 (− 6, 34)

p = 0.170

Es (mmHg/mL)

0.75 (− 0.15, 1.65)

p = 0.101

1.75 (0.87, 2.62)

p < 0.0001

0.42 (− 0.41, 1.25)

p = 0.324

0.29 (− 0.44, 1.01)

p = 0.78

Ea (mmHg/mL)

− 0.17 (− 1.64, 1.3)

p = 0.823

− 0.29 (− 1.71, 1.13)

p = 0.687

0.57 (− 0.79, 1.92)

p = 0.411

1.52 (0.34, 2.7)

p = 0.012

Ea/Ees ratio

− 2.3 (− 4.92, 0.33)

p = 0.086

− 2.81 (− 5.34, − 0.28)

p = 0.029

− 1.36 (− 3.78, 1.06)

P = 0.270

1.13 (− 0.99, 4.23)

p = 0.296

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

10 (− 3.9, 23.9)

p = 0.157

20 (6.4, 33)

p = 0.004

13 (0.8, 25.7)

p = 0.037

6 (− 5.1, 17.5)

p = 0.282

Right atrial pressure (mmHg)

− 2 (− 3.6, 0.2)

p = 0.082

−3 (− 5, − 1.3)

p = 0.001

− 2 (− 3.7, − 0.3)

p = 0.024

2 (0.4, 3.5)

p = 0.016

Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)

− 2 (− 7.3, 4.3)

p = 0.616

2 (− 3.7, 7.5)

p = 0.513

1 (− 3.7, 6.1)

p = 0.586

9 (4.7, 14.1)

p < 0.0001

Hemoglobin (mmol/L)

0.64 (− 0.16, 1.45)

p = 0.115

0.52 (− 0.26, 1.3)

p = 0.193

0 (− 0.63, 0.81)

p = 0.806

1.2 (− 0.51, 1.9)

p = 0.001