Association between furosemide administration and outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

Table 2 Association between furosemide use and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

	Non-diuretic group	Furosemide group	P value	HR	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI
Pre-matched cohort	n = 6269	n = 7885
Primary outcome
In-hospital mortality, n (%)^a	1363(21.7)	1001(12.7)	< 0.001	0.63	0.58	0.69
Secondary outcomes
90-day mortality, n (%)^a	1981(31.6)	1673(21.2)	< 0.001	0.66	0.61	0.70
Recovery of renal function, n (%)^b	2939(46.9)	4209(53.4)	< 0.001	1.29	1.21	1.38
Length of ICU stay, [median (IQR)]^c	3.91(2.8, 6.8)	4.13(2.9, 7.4)	0.003	1.44	1.28	1.62
Length of hospital stay, [median (IQR)]^c	9.57(6.0, 16.2)	10.08(6.8, 16.3)	0.013	1.37	1.12	1.68
Post-matched cohort	n = 4427	n = 4427
Primary outcome
In-hospital mortality, n (%)^a	974(22.0)	635(14.3)	< 0.001	0.67	0.60	0.74
Secondary outcomes
90-day mortality, n (%)^a	1442(32.6)	1054(23.8)	< 0.001	0.69	0.64	0.75
Recovery of renal function, n (%)^b	2620(59.2)	2991(67.6)	< 0.001	1.44	1.31	1.57
Length of ICU stay, [median (IQR)]^c	4.1(2.9, 7.1)	4.1(2.9, 7.2)	0.221	1.28	0.89	1.62
Length of hospital stay, [median (IQR)]^c	10.0(6.4, 16.9)	10.5(6.5, 16.4)	0.032	1.71	1.04	2.85

Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range
^a Cox regression was used for estimating the impact of furosemide use on mortality outcomes adjusting for confounding variables selected based on P value < 0.05 in univariate analysis
^b Recovery from acute kidney injury was defined as being discharged from ICU with serum creatinine below 1.5 times the baseline value and normal urine output (> 0.5 ml/kg/h). Impact of furosemide use on the recovery of renal function was estimated using the logistic regression model
^c Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between furosemide use and length of stay. HR was calculated using the formula HR = e^βi

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