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Table 4 Comparison of 15 quality control indicators between second-level and tertiary hospital

From: Effects of a national quality improvement program on ICUs in China: a controlled pre-post cohort study in 586 hospitals

Indicators

2016

2017

2018

Proportion of ICU in total inpatients(%)

 Second-level hospital

1.73 (1.19, 2.55)

1.78(1.25, 2.66) ¶

1.71(1.19, 2.49)

 Tertiary hospital

1.55(1.10, 2.35)

1.56(1.08, 2.29)

1.58(1.09, 2.37)

Proportion of ICU in total inpatient bed occupancy(%)

 Second-level hospital

1.33 (0.96, 1.98)

1.37(0.94, 1.93)

1.28(0.92, 1.84)

 Tertiary hospital

1.12(0.71, 1.53)

1.16(0.79, 1.77)

1.19(0.84, 1.74)

Proportion of APACEH II score ≥ 15 in all ICU patients(%)

 Second-level hospital

52.70 (29.94, 74.55) ¶

58.65 (35.75, 79.93)

55.56 (29.85, 75.38)

 Tertiary hospital

65.07 (42.86, 80.04)

64.49 (46.53, 79.31)

61.12 (41.93, 76.60)

3 h SSC bundles compliance rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

75.00 (57.14, 100)

85.54 (57.74, 100)

86.75 (55.09, 100)

 Tertiary hospital

84.92 (62.50, 100)

87.64 (67.46, 100)

89.83(75.00, 100) *

6 h SSC bundles compliance rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

54.34 (27.27, 90.00)

68.75 (34.15, 100)

72.54 (33.19, 100)

 Tertiary hospital

70.47 (39.87, 93.44)

76.27 (41.86, 94.44)

78.47 (54.55, 94.74)

Microbiology detection before antibiotics(%)

 Second-level hospital

73.76 (40.00, 95.90) ¶

72.12 (39.30, 96.34) ¶

87.40 (58.50, 99.93) *†

 Tertiary hospital

87.44 (62.42, 98.43)

88.49 (69.03, 97.48)

90.48 (73.77, 100) *

DVT prophylaxis rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

63.33 (25.00, 96.18) ¶

67.12 (29.42, 95.92)

80.74 (35.87, 97.44)

 Tertiary hospital

76.95 (41.67, 96.07)

74.16 (42.48, 96.30)

84.43 (51.87, 98.26)

Unplanned endotracheal extubation rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

1.55 (0, 4.76)

1.65(0, 4.17)

2.07(0.45, 4.65)

 Tertiary hospital

0.93(0.29, 2.42)

1.06(0.24, 2.50)

1.06(0.33, 2.78)

Reintubation rate within 48 h(%)

 Second-level hospital

1.92 (0, 5.77)

1.62(0.19, 4.32)

2.00(0.36, 4.44)

 Tertiary hospital

1.57(0.65, 3.76)

1.60(0.61, 3.27)

1.72(0.74, 3.50)

Rate of unplanned transfer to ICU(%)

 Second-level hospital

2.24 (0.45, 6.74)

2.40(0.66, 6.82)

2.69(0.76, 8.83)

 Tertiary hospital

2.99(0.76, 10.05)

2.53(0.70, 8.76)

2.54(0.84, 7.28)

ICU readmission rate within 48 h(%)

 Second-level hospital

1.01 (0, 2.42)

0.85(0.22, 2.08)

1.26(0.38, 2.27)

 Tertiary hospital

0.97(0.50, 1.90)

0.91(0.37, 1.98)

1.02(0.48, 1.89)

VAP incidence rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

12.75 (3.68, 31.15)

15.48 (2.79, 31.81)

9.22(2.43, 22.73)

 Tertiary hospital

10.30 (4.58, 19.67)

9.04(4.59, 18.62)

7.62(3.30, 15.07) *†

CRBSI incidence rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

0.47 (0, 2.47)

0.76(0, 2.84)

0.86(0, 3.17)

 Tertiary hospital

1.82(0.52, 3.55)

1.68(0.53, 3.49)

1.40(0.49, 3.12)

CAUTI incidence rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

2.42 (0, 6.11)

1.42(0.19, 5.10)

1.97(0.62, 4.98)

 Tertiary hospital

2.02(0.68, 4.00)

1.79(0.79, 4.21)

1.79(0.76, 3.71)

ICU Mortality rate(%)

 Second-level hospital

7.36(3.78,13.25) ¶

7.72(4.43,13.7) ¶

8.41(4.59,13.96) ¶

 Tertiary hospital

9.24(4.62,16.13)

10.09(5.17,17.32)

9.66(5.52,16.42)

  1. SSC surviving sepsis campaign, DVT deep vein thrombosis, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, CRBSI catheter-related bloodstream infection, CAUTI catheter-associated urinary tract infections
  2. *vs.2015, P < 0.05;
  3. †vs.2016, P < 0.05;
  4. ¶Second-level hospital vs. tertiary hospital
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